Me pēhea te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga i roto i ngā pūnaha wai pēhanga-teitei

Ka taea e koe te whakanui ake i te pai o te pūnaha wai pēhanga teitei. Ko te kimi me te whakatika i ngā turuturu huna ko tāu taahiraa tuatahi. Ka pau te kaha me te wai i ēnei turuturu, ka piki ake ngā utu. Hei tauira, ka taea e te turuturu 1mm kotahi te utu neke atu i te €180 ia tau. Te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhanga rahi tika, pērā i te mea e tika anapapu matū, ka ārai hoki i ngā hekenga pēhanga me te maumau pūngao. Hei whakamutunga, me whakatinana e koe he kaupapa tiaki matatau. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia pai te mahi a tō pūnaha mō te wā roa.

Te tautuhi me te whakatika i ngā ngoikoretanga matua

Ko te whai huatanga o tō pūnaha e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kimi me te whakatika i ngā raruraru. He maha ngā take e huna ana i te tirohanga whānui. Ka moumou puku i te pūngao, ka whakapiki ake i ō utu whakahaere. Ka taea e koe te whakahaere mā te arotake i tō pūnaha, te whakakore i ngā here, me te whakahaere i te wera. Mā ēnei mahi ka whakanui ake i te mahi, ka penapena moni hoki koe.

Whakahaerehia he Arotake Pūnaha hei Tātari i ngā turuturu

Ko ngā turuturu tetahi o ngā tino pūtake o te maumau pūngao. Ka taea e te taputapu kotahi e turuturu ana te moumou i te neke atu i te 3,000 karani wai i te tau. I roto i tētahi pūnaha pēhanga teitei, ahakoa he iti noa te turuturu, he nui te pānga. Ka whakaiti i te pēhanga, ka moumou wai utu nui, ā, ka puta he tūponotanga haumaru. Me kimi me te whakatika i ēnei turuturu kia pai ai te whakahaere.

He tino uaua te kimi i ētahi turuturu. I roto i ngā pūnaha e neke ake ana i te 200 pae, ka taea e ngā pakaru iti te tuku wai hei kohu iti, kāore e kitea. He mōrearea nui tēnei wai kua whakakāhia ki te ahi, ā, he tohu hoki kei te whanake te pakaru o ngā wāhanga. Ko te kimi wawe i ēnei turuturu iti ka ārai i te wā nui o te korenga o te mahi me te utu nui o ngā whakatikatika.

Tohutohu Ngaio: Whakamahia ngā taputapu matatau mō te kimi turuturuMā te hangarau hou ka kitea e koe ngā turuturu huna. Mā ēnei taputapu koe e āwhina ki te kite me te whakarongo ki ngā mea kāore e taea e te kanohi tahanga.

Ngā Kāmera Whakaahua Oro:Ka hangaia e ēnei taputapu he mahere tirohanga o te oro. Mā ēnei ka taea e koe te "kite" i te wāhi tika o te turuturu wai, te turuturu hau rānei he pēhanga teitei, ahakoa i roto i te wheketere haruru.

Ngā Pūoko Ultrasonic:Ka kitea e ēnei taputapu te oro auau teitei e puta mai ana i te turuturu. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ēnei hei tohu i ngā turuturu o waho, o roto hoki i ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā takirere me ngā rango.

Ngā Tae Mārama Pango:Ka taea e koe te tāpiri i tētahi tae motuhake ki tō wai waipēhi. Ina turuturu te wai, ka tiaho mārama i raro i te mārama pango, ā, ka māmā noa te kite i ngā maturuturunga iti rawa.

Ko ngā tino take o ngā turuturu he tohu i ngā raruraru nui ake. Mā te arotakenga hōhonu ka taea e koe te tautuhi i ēnei tino take.

Whakatauhia ngā Hekenga Pēhanga me ngā Here Rere

Ia wā ka neke te wai i roto i te paipa, i te piko, i te takirere rānei, ka ngaro te pēhanga. Ka kiia tēnei he hekenga pēhanga. Ahakoa he mea noa te hekenga pēhanga, ka kaha ake te mahi a tō papu i te nui o te hekenga. Ka moumou pūngao tēnei, ā, ka whakaiti i te mahi a te pūnaha. Ka taea e koe te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga mā te waihanga i tētahi ara maeneene mō tō wai.

Ko ngā herenga rere te tino take o ngā hekenga pēhanga koretake. Me tirotiro e koe tō pūnaha mō ēnei take noa:

Hoahoa Tomokanga Kino:Ka taea e ngā piko koi, ngā kōpiritanga ohorere rānei o ngā paipa tata ki te tomokanga papu te kore wai i roto i te papu.

Ngā Ngongo, ngā Paipa rānei Iti Rawa:Ko ngā rārangi iti rawa mō te tere rere ka nui te ātete me te waku.

Ngā Tātari Kua Āraia:Ka aukatia te rere o te wai e ngā tātari momi paru, ā, ka whakaitihia te pēhanga tomo.

Ngā Takirere Tuwhera Wāhanga:Kāore ngā takirere kuaha i hangaia hei whakawhāiti i te rere o te wai. Mēnā ka tuwhera ā-wāhanga, ka puta he haruru, he nui te ngaronga o te pēhanga, ka whakamahia kia tuwhera noa.

Ka taea e koe te hoahoa i tō pūnaha kia maeneene, kia whai hua hoki te rere. Mā te whai i ngā tikanga pai i te wā tāutanga me ngā whakapai ake ka ārai i ngā āwangawanga ā muri ake nei. Kia tino whiriwhiria e koe ngā wāhanga tika mō tō tono. Whakamahia he piko ngawari kaua he tuke koi. Kia tika te rahi me te tautoko o ngā paipa me ngā ngongo katoa kia kore ai e wiri. Mā te tahora pai kua hoahoatia ka mārama, ka kore he arai mō tō wai, ka whakaitihia te hekenga o te pēhanga, ka whakanuia hoki te whai huatanga.

Whakaitihia te Ngaronga Pūngao mai i te Whakaputa Wera

Kei te wera tō pūnaha? He tohu mārama te wera mō te koretake o te mahi. Ina whakaputahia e tō pūnaha he wera nui, kei te hurihia te pūngao nui hei pūngao wera e maumauria ana, kaua hei mahi whai hua. Ka whakaitihia hoki e tēnei wera tō wai waipēhi, ka pakaru ngā hiri, ā, ka pakaru wawe te wāhanga.

I mōhio koe?He hononga tata te matotoru, te matotoru rānei, o tō wai ki te pāmahana. I te wera haere o te wai, ka heke tōna matotoru. Ahakoa ka whakaitihia te ātete rere i ētahi wā, he kino te wera nui. Ka nui rawa te whakaangawari o te wai, ka whakaitihia tōna kaha ki te whakahinuhinu me te tiaki i ngā wāhanga nui.

Ko te whakahaere i te wera ka tīmata mā te tautuhi i tōna pūtake. Ko ngā tino take o te wera nui e pā ana ki te waku me te here.

Te Waku Nui rawa o te Wai:Ka puta tēnei ina panaia te wai mā roto i ngā ngongo iti, i ngā tātari paru, i ngā takirere aukati rānei.

Te turuturu nui, te paheke rānei:Ka puta te wera i ngā turuturu o roto i ngā papu, i ngā takirere rānei, engari kāore e mahi.

Te utaina nui rawa:Mā te whakahaere i tō pūnaha ki tua atu i tōna pehanga, i tōna kaha rānei i hoahoatia ka nui rawa te ahotea ki ngā wāhanga, ka hua ake te waku nui rawa.

Te poke:Ka whakanui ake te paru me ngā para i roto i te wai i te waku, ā, ka raru pea te mahi a ngā wāhanga, ka wera rawa hoki i te rohe.

He huarahi pai ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana o te pūnaha ko te whakamahi i te whakawhiti wera. Ka mahi ēnei taputapu pērā i te whakamahana mō tō pūnaha wai. Ka whakawhitihia e rātou te wera mai i te wai waipēhi ki tētahi atu reo, pērā i te hau, te wai rānei. Mā te tāuta i tētahi whakawhiti wera rahi tika, ka taea e koe te pupuri i te pāmahana mahi pumau. Mā tēnei ka tiakina tō wai me ō wāhanga, ka ārai i te ngaronga pūngao, ā, ka whakarite kia pai te rere o tō pūnaha mō ngā tau e haere ake nei.

Te Arotau i ngā Wāhanga me te Tiaki mō te Mahi Tino Pai

Ko te whakatika i ngā raruraru o nāianei he haurua noa iho o te pakanga. Ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i te tino whai huatanga mā te whiriwhiri i ngā wāhanga tika mai i te tīmatanga, me te tiaki tika i a rātou. Ka mahi tahi te whiriwhiringa wāhanga atamai me te mahere tiaki pakari. Ka āraihia e rāua ngā raruraru i mua i te tīmatanga, ka whakarite kia pai te whakahaere o tō pūnaha mō ngā tau. Mā tēnei huarahi ka penapena moni, ka whakapai ake i te haumaru, ā, ka whakanui ake i te mahi.

Kōwhiria ngā Ngongo me ngā Paipa Tika

He rite ngā ngongo me ngā ngongo o tō pūnaha ki ōna uaua me ōna uaua. Ka haria e rātou te wai i raro i te pēhanga nui. Mā te whiriwhiri i te momo hē ka arahi pea ki ngā pakaru kino, ngā kino o ngā taputapu, me ngā mōrearea nui ki te haumaru. Me whiriwhiri e koe ngā aho e rite ana ki te pēhanga, te pāmahana, me te whakamahinga o tō pūnaha.

Ko te tikanga, ka whiriwhiri koe i waenga i ngā ngongo ngāwari me ngā ngongo mārō. He mahi motuhake tā ia ngongo.

He hapa noa te whakamahi i te rahi hē, ā, he hapa nui hoki te utu.

Ngā Ngongo Iti:Ka aukatia te rere o te wai e ngā raina iti rawa. Ka puta he waku, he wera, ā, ka kaha ake te mahi a tō papu. Ka puhoi te ahua o tō pūnaha, ā, kāore pea e eke ki tōna taumata teitei.

Ngā Ngongo Rahi Rawa:Ka nui rawa ngā hekenga o te pēhanga mēnā he nui rawa ngā aho. Ka moumou pūngao tēnei, ā, ka whakaroa i te wā urupare o ō taputapu.

Me manatoko tonu kei te hangaia ō wāhanga mai i ngā rauemi tika, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o tō pūnaha. Kei roto i tēnei ko te pēhanga, te pāmahana, me te momo wai e whakamahia ana e koe.

Whakatauritehia tō papu matū ki ngā hiahia o te pūnaha

Ko te papu te ngākau o tō pūnaha pēhanga teitei. He mea nui te whakataurite i tō papu matū ki ngā hiahia o tō pūnaha mō te whai huatanga me te roa o te ora. Ka moumou pūngao te papu nui rawa, ā, ka nui rawa te pakaru. Ka uaua ki te papu iti te whakatutuki i te hiahia, ā, ka tere te pau.

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi papu matū, me arotahi koe ki ngā wāhanga matua e toru:

Te Rere o te Rere (Q) me te Pēhanga (H):Me mōhio koe ki te nui o te wai e hiahiatia ana e tō pūnaha (tere rere) me te pēhanga katoa me wikitoria e te papu (upoko). Whakaarohia te tono toharite me te tono tihi. Mā te whiriwhiri i tētahi papu matū me te pihi mahi tika ka whakarite kia mahi i tōna Pūwāhi Pai Rawa (BEP), ka penapena pūngao me te whakaiti i te ahotea.

Hototahitanga Rauemi:Me hototahi ngā rauemi o te papu ki te wai e nekehia ana e koe. Mō te wai mārama, he pai pea te rino maka. Mō ngā matū waikura, ngā wai pāmahana teitei rānei, me hanga he papu matū mai i ngā rauemi pakari pērā i te maitai kore waikura, ngā koranu motuhake, ngā pūmua matatau rānei hei ārai i te waikura me te whakarite kia roa te ora o te mahi.

Hoahoa Pūnaha:Ka tautokona tō papu e tētahi pūnaha hoahoa pai. Mō ngā mahi ahumahi uaua, me whai papu matū koe i hangaia kia pono. Hei tauira, ko teRaupapa SLDT SLDTDKua hangaia kia rite ki ngā paerewa API610 mō te umanga hinu me te hau. Ka taea e ēnei papu te whakahaere i ngā pēhanga tino nui tae atu ki te 25MPa me ngā pāmahana mai i te -80℃ ki te 180℃. Ko ngā tauira pēnei i te SLDTD (BB5) e whakamahi ana i tētahi hanganga waka takirua kua hangaia hei pumau i roto i ngā taiao pēhanga teitei.

Tohutohu a te Tohunga: Ārai i te Pump CavitationKo te cavitation te hanganga me te hinganga o ngā mirumiru kohu i roto i te papu. He rite te tangi ki te kirikiri e rere ana i roto i tō pūnaha, ā, ka tere te whakangaro i ngā wāhanga o roto. Ka taea e koe te ārai mā te:

Me whakarite kia teitei ake te pēhanga i te tomokanga papu (NPSHa) i te mea e hiahiatia ana e te papu (NPSHr).

Te pupuri i te pāmahana wai i roto i te awhe kua hoahoatia.

Whakamahia ngā paipa i te taha tomokanga kia tika ai te rahi hei karo i te paunga o te papu i te hiakai.

Te whakahaere i tō papu matū kia tata ki tōna Pūwāhi Pai Rawa (BEP).

He rawa pono, he rawa whai hua hoki te papu matū kua tohua tika. Kua hangaia hoki ngā waeine pai rawa atu kia ngāwari te tiaki. Mā te hoahoa wāhanga auaha o te SLDTD ka taea e koe te tango i te huihuinga o roto katoa mō ngā whakatikatika me te kore e momotu i ngā paipa matua, ka whakaiti nui i te wā kore mahi.

Whakatinanahia he Maramataka Tiaki Matatau

Ko te huarahi pai ki te whakatika i tētahi raruraru ko te ārai i a ia kei puta. Mā te tiaki matatau ka āwhina koe ki te kimi me te whakatika i ngā raruraru iti i mua i te huri hei hapa nui. Mā tēnei huarahi ka pai te whakahaere o tō pūnaha, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā aituā, ā, ka māmā ake te matapae i tō tahua.

He maha ngā momo tiaki matatau:

Te Tiaki Ārai (PM):Te mahi i ngā mahi kua whakaritea pēnei i te horoi, te whakahinuhinu, me te whakawhiti tātari i ngā wā auau.

Te Tiaki i runga i te Āhua (CBM):Te mahi tiaki anake ina tutuki ngā tikanga motuhake, e aro turukihia ana e ngā pūoko.

Te Tiaki Matapae (PdM):Mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga mai i ngā pūoko hei kite i ngā au me te matapae i ngā hapa, kia taea ai e koe te mahi i te wā tika.

Ka tīmata te mahere tiaki pakari i ngā tikanga pai. Puritia ngā tuhinga taipitopito o ngā whakatikatika katoa me ngā mahi kua whakaritea. Whakangunguhia tō rōpū ki te kite wawe i ngā tohu whakatūpato pēnei i ngā haruru rerekē, ngā huringa tere, te pikinga rānei o te pāmahana.

Anei tētahi tauira o te rārangi tirotiro mō ngā wāhanga e mau ana. Me whakarerekē e koe i runga i te whakamahinga me te taiao whakahaere o tō taputapu.

Ka taea e ngā hangarau hou te whakapai ake i tō kaupapa tiaki. Mā ngā taputapu pēnei i te tātari hinu, ngā pūoko oro, me te whakaahua wera ka āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki te hauora o ō taputapu me te kore e pakaru. Hei tauira, mā te tuku i tētahi tauira wai ki tētahi taiwhanga ka kitea pea ngā matūriki whakarewa iti, he tohu o te pakaru o ngā wāhanga o roto. Mā tēnei ka whai wāhi koe ki te whakarite i tētahi whakatikatika i mua i te puta o tētahi pakaru nui.

Whakamahia te Tātari hei Tiaki i te Pūmautanga o te Pūnaha

I mōhio koe tae atu ki te 80% o ngā pakaru o te pūnaha waipēhi nā te wai poke? Ka taea e te paru, te wai, tae noa ki ngā mirumiru hau te huri i tō wai hei pepa kirikiri wai e whakangaro ana i ngā wāhanga tairongo. Ka whakaitihia te whai huatanga e te poke, ka whakaputa wera, ā, koinei tētahi o ngā tino take o ngā turuturu me ngā pakaru.

Ko te tātari anake te parepare mō tō pūnaha. Mā te rautaki tātari maha-paparanga ka tangohia ngā matūriki kino, ā, ka tiakina hoki tō haumitanga. Ko ngā wāhi tātari matua ko:

Manawa o te Puna Wai:Ka ārai i te paru me te makuku e rere ana i te hau ki roto i te tāke i te mea ka rerekē te taumata o te wai.

Tātari Momi:He mata taratara hei tiaki i te papu mai i ngā paru nunui.

Tātari Pēhanga:Ka whakatakotoria ki muri i te papu hei hopu i ngā matūriki i hangaia e te papu tonu.

Tātari Raina Whakahoki:Ka horoia te wai i tana hokinga ki te tāke, ka hopu i ngā matūriki kakahu mai i ngā wāhanga pūnaha.

Te Mārama ki te Horoi Wai: Te Waehere ISO 4406Ko te waehere horoi ISO 4406 te paerewa ahumahi mō te ine i te parakore o te wai. He waehere tau-toru (hei tauira, 18/16/13) e whakaatu ana i te maha o ngā matūriki o ngā rahi rerekē kei roto i tētahi tauira wai.

Tetau tuatahika tatau i ngā matūriki ≥4µm (ngā matūriki angiangi e whakararuraru ana).

Tetau tuaruaka tatau i ngā matūriki ≥6µm (ngā matūriki rahi-waenga e ārai ana i ngā wāhanga).

Tetau tuatoruka tatau i ngā matūriki ≥14µm (ngā matūriki nunui e ārai ana i te rere o te wai).

Ka tohua e ngā kaihanga taputapu he waehere ISO e hiahiatia ana mō ā rātou wāhanga. Ko ngā pūnaha pēhanga teitei me ngā papu me ngā takirere tairongo e hiahia ana ki te wai ma ake (he waehere ISO iti ake) i ngā pūnaha noa. He mea nui te whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga mō te pono.

Mā te tāuta i ngā tātari kounga teitei me te whakawhiti i aua tātari i ia wā, ka noho ma tonu tō wai. Mā tēnei ka tiakina tō papu matū, ō takirere, me ō pūkaha mai i te pakaru wawe, kia pai ai te mahi a tō pūnaha me te pono me te whai huatanga nui.

Tīmata mā te arotake pūnaha kia kitea ai ngā ngoikoretanga. Ka taea e koe te whakatutuki i te pono mō te wā roa mā te arotau i ngā wāhanga me te whakamahi i tētahi mahere tiaki matatau. Mā tēnei huarahi ka hangaia he wāhi mahi haumaru ake mā te whakaiti i te tūponotanga mōrearea. Ka tukuna hoki he penapena nui, ka tapahia ngā utu tiaki tae atu ki te 28% me te whakapai ake i te mahi whānui o te pūnaha.

Ngā Pātai Auau

Kia pēhea te auau o taku tirotiro mō ngā turuturu?

Me tirotiro tere koe i ia wiki. Ko te mea pai ko te arotakenga hohonu ake mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ia marama, ia toru marama rānei, i runga i te whakamahinga o tō pūnaha.

He aha te tohu tuatahi o te hekenga o te pēhanga?

Tērā pea ka puhoi, ka pōturi rānei ō taputapu. Tērā pea ka kite koe i te oma nui ake, i te roa ake rānei o te papu i te wā noa hei pupuri i te hiahia.

He aha i wera ai taku pūnaha?

Ko te wera he tikanga koretake. Ka puta mai pea i te waku wai, i ngā turuturu o roto, i te whakahaere rānei i te pūnaha ki tua atu i ōna rohe. Ka moumou pūngao, ka pakaru hoki ngā wāhanga.