Pampu yosinthiratu shaft mixed flow ndi yapakati komanso yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chosinthira ngodya ya tsamba kuti iyendetse masamba a pampu kuti azungulire, potero imasintha ngodya yoyika tsamba kuti isinthe kayendedwe ka madzi ndi mutu. Cholumikizira chachikulu ndi madzi oyera kapena zimbudzi zopepuka pa 0 ~ 50℃ (zolumikizira zapadera zimaphatikizapo madzi a m'nyanja ndi madzi a Yellow River). Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mapulojekiti osamalira madzi, ulimi wothirira, kukhetsa madzi ndi mapulojekiti osinthira madzi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulojekiti ambiri adziko lonse monga South-to-North Water Diversion Project ndi Yangtze River Diversion Project kuchokera ku Huaihe River kupita ku South River.
Masamba a shaft ndi mixed flow pump amasokonekera. Pamene mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ya pompo ikusiyana ndi malo opangidwira, chiŵerengero pakati pa liwiro lozungulira la m'mphepete mwamkati ndi kunja kwa masamba chimawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukweza komwe kumapangidwa ndi masamba (airfoils) pa ma radii osiyanasiyana kusafanane, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyenda kwa madzi mu pompo kukhale kozungulira komanso kutayika kwa madzi kuchuluke; kutali ndi malo opangidwira, kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa madzi kumakulirakulira ndipo kutayika kwa madzi kumakulirakulira. Mapampu a axial ndi mixed flow ali ndi mutu wochepa komanso malo ochepa ogwira ntchito bwino. Kusintha kwa mutu wawo wogwirira ntchito kudzapangitsa kuti pampu ichepetse kwambiri kugwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, mapampu a axial ndi mixed flow nthawi zambiri sangagwiritse ntchito throttling, kutembenuza ndi njira zina zosinthira kuti asinthe magwiridwe antchito a mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito; nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa mtengo wowongolera liwiro ndi wokwera kwambiri, kusintha kwa liwiro sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pakugwira ntchito kwenikweni. Popeza mapampu a axial ndi mixed flow ali ndi thupi lalikulu la hub, ndikosavuta kuyika ma blade ndi blade connecting rod mechanisms okhala ndi ngodya zosinthika. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa momwe ntchito imagwirira ntchito kwa mapampu oyenda mozungulira ndi osakanikirana nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa ngodya zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mapampu oyenda mozungulira ndi osakanikirana azigwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Pamene kusiyana kwa madzi akumtunda ndi akumunsi kwawonjezeka (ndiko kuti, mutu wa ukonde ukuwonjezeka), ngodya yoyika tsamba imasinthidwa kukhala yocheperako. Ngakhale kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa moyenera kuti injini isachuluke kwambiri; pamene kusiyana kwa madzi akumtunda ndi akumunsi kwachepa (ndiko kuti, mutu wa ukonde ukuchepa), ngodya yoyika tsamba imasinthidwa kukhala yokulirapo kuti injiniyo igwire bwino ntchito ndikulola mpope wamadzi kupopa madzi ambiri. Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito shaft ndi mapampu osakanikirana omwe angasinthe ngodya ya tsamba kungathandize kuti igwire ntchito bwino kwambiri, kupewa kukakamizidwa kuzimitsa ndikupeza mphamvu zambiri komanso kupopa madzi ambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, chipangizocho chikayamba kugwira ntchito, ngodya yoyika tsamba ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala yocheperako, zomwe zingachepetse katundu woyambira wa mota (pafupifupi 1/3 ~ 2/3 ya mphamvu yovomelezedwa); musanazimitse, ngodya ya tsamba ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala yocheperako, zomwe zingachepetse liwiro la kubwerera kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa mu pampu panthawi yotseka, ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa madzi omwe amalowa pazida.
Mwachidule, zotsatira za kusintha kwa ngodya ya tsamba ndi zofunika kwambiri: ① Kusintha ngodya kukhala yocheperako kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyamba ndi kuzimitsa; ② Kusintha ngodya kukhala yokulirapo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda; ③ Kusintha ngodya kungapangitse kuti chipangizo cha pampu chizigwira ntchito bwino. Zikuoneka kuti chosinthira ngodya ya tsamba chili ndi udindo wofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi kuyang'anira malo opopera apakati ndi akuluakulu.
Thupi lalikulu la pampu yosakanikirana yosinthika bwino ya shaft lili ndi magawo atatu: mutu wa pampu, chowongolera, ndi mota.
1. Mutu wa pampu
Liwiro lenileni la pampu yosakanikirana yosinthika mokwanira ndi 400~1600 (liwiro lachizolowezi la pampu yosakanikirana ndi 700~1600), (liwiro lachizolowezi la pampu yosakanikirana ndi 400~800), ndipo mutu wonse ndi 0~30.6m. Mutu wa pampu umapangidwa makamaka ndi nyanga yolowera madzi (cholumikizira chowonjezera cholowera madzi), magawo a rotor, magawo a chipinda cha impeller, thupi la vane yotsogolera, mpando wa pampu, chigongono, magawo a shaft ya pampu, magawo opakira, ndi zina zotero. Chiyambi cha zigawo zazikulu:
1. Gawo la rotor ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamutu wa pampu, lomwe limapangidwa ndi masamba, thupi la rotor, ndodo yokoka pansi, bearing, crank arm, operating frame, connecting rod ndi zina. Pambuyo pa msonkhano wonse, mayeso a static balance amachitidwa. Pakati pawo, zinthu za tsambalo ndi ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo (kuuma kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala bwino), ndipo CNC machining imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zipangizo za zigawo zotsalazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ZG.
2. Zigawo za chipinda cha impeller zimatsegulidwa pakati, zomwe zimamangiriridwa ndi mabolts ndikuyikidwa ndi ma pini ozungulira. Zipangizozo ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti zikhale ZG, ndipo zina zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ZG + (njira iyi ndi yovuta kupanga ndipo ingayambitse mavuto a welding, choncho iyenera kupewedwa momwe ingathere).
3. Thupi la vane yotsogolera. Popeza pampu yosinthika mokwanira ndi yapakatikati mpaka yayikulu, zovuta zoponyera, mtengo wopanga ndi zina zimaganiziridwa. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zomwe zimakondedwa ndi ZG+Q235B. Vane yotsogolera imapangidwa mu chidutswa chimodzi, ndipo flange ya chipolopolo ndi mbale yachitsulo ya Q235B. Zonsezi zimalumikizidwa kenako nkukonzedwa.
4. Mzere wa Pampu: Pampu yosinthika mokwanira nthawi zambiri imakhala shaft yopanda kanthu yokhala ndi ma flange kumapeto onse awiri. Zipangizozo zimakonzedwa bwino ndi 45 + cladding 30Cr13. Chophimba pa bearing ndi filler ya water guide ndi cholinga chachikulu ndikuwonjezera kuuma kwake ndikuwonjezera kukana kutopa.
Chiyambi cha zigawo zazikulu za regulator
Chowongolera cha hydraulic chomwe chili mkati mwa blade angle chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika masiku ano. Chimakhala ndi magawo atatu: thupi lozungulira, chivundikiro, ndi bokosi la makina owonetsera.
1. Thupi lozungulira: Thupi lozungulira limapangidwa ndi mpando wothandizira, silinda, thanki yamafuta, chipangizo chamagetsi cha hydraulic, choyezera ngodya, mphete yolowera magetsi, ndi zina zotero.
Thupi lonse lozungulira limayikidwa pa shaft yayikulu ya mota ndipo limazungulira mogwirizana ndi shaft. Limangiriridwa pamwamba pa shaft yayikulu ya mota kudzera mu flange yoyikira.
Flange yoyikiramo imalumikizidwa ku mpando wothandizira.
Malo oyezera a sensa ya ngodya amaikidwa pakati pa ndodo ya pistoni ndi chikwama cha ndodo yomangira, ndipo sensa ya ngodya imayikidwa kunja kwa silinda yamafuta.
Mphete yolumikizira magetsi imayikidwa ndikukhazikika pa chivundikiro cha thanki yamafuta, ndipo gawo lake lozungulira (rotor) limazungulira mogwirizana ndi thupi lozungulira. Mapeto otuluka pa rotor amalumikizidwa ku gawo lamagetsi la hydraulic, sensor yokakamiza, sensor yotenthetsera, sensor ya ngodya, ndi switch yoletsa; gawo la stator la mphete yolumikizira magetsi limalumikizidwa ku screw yoyimitsa pa chivundikiro, ndipo chotulutsira cha stator chimalumikizidwa ku terminal mu chivundikiro chowongolera;
Ndodo ya pistoni imayikidwa pa boltpompu yamadzindodo yomangira.
Chipangizo chamagetsi cha hydraulic chili mkati mwa thanki yamafuta, chomwe chimapereka mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ya silinda yamafuta.
Pali mphete ziwiri zonyamulira zomwe zayikidwa pa thanki yamafuta kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ponyamula chowongolera.
2. Chivundikiro (chomwe chimatchedwanso thupi lokhazikika): Chili ndi magawo atatu. Gawo limodzi ndi chivundikiro chakunja; gawo lachiwiri ndi chivundikiro cha chivundikiro; gawo lachitatu ndi zenera lowonera. Chivundikiro chakunja chimayikidwa ndikukhazikika pamwamba pa chivundikiro chakunja cha mota yayikulu kuti chiphimbe thupi lozungulira.
3. Bokosi la makina owonetsera olamulira (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3): Lili ndi PLC, sikirini yokhudza, relay, contactor, DC power supply, knob, indicator light, ndi zina zotero. Sikirini yokhudza imatha kuwonetsa ngodya ya tsamba lamakono, nthawi, kuthamanga kwa mafuta ndi magawo ena. Makina owongolera ali ndi ntchito ziwiri: kulamulira kwapafupi ndi kulamulira kwakutali. Ma mode awiri owongolera amasinthidwa kudzera pa kiyibodi ya malo awiri pa bokosi la makina owonetsera olamulira (lomwe limatchedwa "bokosi lowonetsera olamulira", lomweli pansipa).
Chimodzi. Kuyerekeza ndi kusankha ma mota ogwirizana ndi osagwirizanitsa
A. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ma mota ogwirizana
Ubwino:
1. Mpata wa mpweya pakati pa rotor ndi stator ndi waukulu, ndipo kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha n'kosavuta.
2. Kugwira ntchito bwino komanso mphamvu yochulukirapo.
3. Liwiro silisintha ndi katundu.
4. Kuchita bwino kwambiri.
5. Mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kukwezedwa. Mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kuperekedwa ku gridi yamagetsi, motero kukweza ubwino wa gridi yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yamagetsi ikasinthidwa kukhala 1 kapena pafupi nayo, kuwerenga kwa ammeter kudzachepa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa gawo lothandizira mumagetsi, zomwe sizingatheke kwa ma mota asynchronous.
Zoyipa:
1. Rotor iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi chipangizo chodziwikiratu choyambitsa.
2. Mtengo wake ndi wokwera.
3. Kukonza n'kovuta kwambiri.
B. Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ma mota osasinthasintha
Ubwino:
1. Chozungulira sichifunika kulumikizidwa ku magwero ena amagetsi.
2. Kapangidwe kosavuta, kulemera kopepuka, komanso mtengo wotsika.
3. Kukonza kosavuta.
Zoyipa:
1. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito iyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku gridi yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtundu wa gridi yamagetsi uchepe.
2. Mpata wa mpweya pakati pa rotor ndi stator ndi wochepa, ndipo kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha kwake sikuli bwino.
C. Kusankha ma mota
Kusankha kwa ma mota okhala ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka ya 1000kW ndi liwiro lovomerezeka la 300r/min kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kutengera kufananiza kwaukadaulo ndi zachuma malinga ndi mikhalidwe inayake.
1. Mu makampani osamalira madzi, pamene mphamvu yoyikidwa nthawi zambiri ili pansi pa 800kW, ma mota osasinthasintha amasankhidwa, ndipo pamene mphamvu yoyikidwayo ili yoposa 800kW, ma mota ogwirizana nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa.
2. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma mota ogwirizana ndi ma mota osasinthasintha ndikuti pali chozungulira chotsitsimula pa rotor, ndipo chophimba chotsitsimula cha thyristor chiyenera kukonzedwa.
3. Dipatimenti yopereka magetsi m'dziko langa imati mphamvu yamagetsi pamagetsi a wogwiritsa ntchito iyenera kufika pa 0.90 kapena kupitirira apo. Ma mota ogwirizana ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yayikulu ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za magetsi; pomwe ma mota osagwirizana ali ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za magetsi, ndipo kubweza kwamphamvu ndikofunikira. Chifukwa chake, malo opompa omwe ali ndi ma mota osagwirizana nthawi zambiri amafunika kukhala ndi zowonetsera zobweza.
4. Kapangidwe ka ma mota ogwirizana ndi magetsi ndi kovuta kwambiri kuposa ka ma mota osagwirizana ndi magetsi. Pamene polojekiti ya siteshoni yopompa madzi ikufunika kuganizira za kupanga magetsi ndi kusintha kwa magawo, mota yogwirizana iyenera kusankhidwa.
Mapampu oyenda osakanikirana a axial osinthika mokwanira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumayunitsi oimirira(ZLQ, HLQ, ZLQK),mayunitsi opingasa (opendekera)(ZWQ, ZXQ, ZGQ), ndipo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'mayunitsi a LP okhala ndi ma low-lift ndi ma diameter akuluakulu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-30-2024