Ikoreshwa by'umwihariko mu mishinga yo kubungabunga amazi, kuhira, gukurura amazi no kuyobya amazi – Pompe y'amazi ivanze ishobora guhindurwa neza

Pompe y’amazi ivangiye neza ni ubwoko bw’ipompo ifite umurambararo uciriritse n’umugari munini ikoresha icyuma gihindura inguni kugira ngo itere ibyuma bya pompe kuzenguruka, bityo igahindura inguni y’aho ibyuma bishyirwa kugira ngo habeho impinduka mu miyoboro y’amazi n’umutwe. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara amazi ni amazi meza cyangwa imyanda yoroheje kuri 0 ~ 50°C (ibinyabiziga byihariye birimo amazi yo mu nyanja n’amazi yo mu ruzi rw’umuhondo). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mishinga yo kubungabunga amazi, kuhira, kuvomerera amazi no kuyobya amazi, kandi ikoreshwa mu mishinga myinshi y’igihugu nko mu mushinga wo kuyobya amazi kuva mu majyepfo kugera mu majyaruguru n’umushinga wo kuyobya amazi kuva ku ruzi rwa Yangtze kugera kuri Huaihe.

Ibyuma by'umugozi n'ipompo ivanze bihinduka ahantu hatandukanye. Iyo imiterere y'imikorere ya pompe itandukaniye n'aho igishushanyo mbonera giherereye, igipimo kiri hagati y'umuvuduko uzenguruka impande z'imbere n'inyuma z'impande kirangirika, bigatuma icyuma gitembera n'impande (airfoils) ku ntera zitandukanye kidakomeza kungana, bityo bigatuma amazi atembera muri pompe ahindagurika kandi amazi akagabanuka; uko igishushanyo mbonera kiri kure y'aho igishushanyo mbonera giherereye, ni ko urwego rw'amazi atemberamo rurushaho kwiyongera kandi amazi akagabanuka cyane. Ipompo zivanze n'izivanze zifite umutwe muto kandi akarere gato gafite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza. Guhindura umutwe wazo w'akazi bizagabanya cyane imikorere ya pompe. Kubwibyo, ipompo zivanze n'izivanze muri rusange ntizishobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga, guhindukira n'ubundi buryo bwo guhindura kugira ngo zihindure imikorere y'imikorere; icyarimwe, kubera ko ikiguzi cyo kugenzura umuvuduko ari kinini cyane, uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko uhindagurika ntibukunze gukoreshwa mu mikorere nyayo. Kubera ko ipompo zivanze n'izivanze zifite umubiri munini, biroroshye gushyiraho ibyuma n'ibyuma bihuza inkoni bifite inguni zishobora guhindurwa. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gukora imashini zikoresha umurongo umwe n’izikoresha umurongo umwe akenshi bigira uruhare mu guhindura inguni zihindagurika, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma imashini zikoresha umurongo umwe n’izikoresha umurongo umwe zikora neza mu gihe zikora neza.

Iyo itandukaniro ry’amazi yo hejuru n’ayo hasi ryiyongereye (ni ukuvuga umutwe w’amazi wiyongera), inguni yo gushyiramo icyuma ihinduka ku gipimo gito. Mu gihe ikomeza gukora neza, umuvuduko w’amazi ugabanuka neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko moteri iremererwa cyane; iyo itandukaniro ry’amazi yo hejuru n’ayo hasi rigabanutse (ni ukuvuga umutwe w’amazi ugabanuka), inguni yo gushyiramo icyuma ihinduka ku gipimo kinini kugira ngo moteri ishyiremo neza kandi itume pompe y’amazi irushaho gusohora amazi menshi. Muri make, gukoresha icyuma n’imashini zivanze zishobora guhindura inguni y’icyuma bishobora gutuma ikora neza, birinda kuzimya ku ngufu no kugera ku musaruro mwiza no kuvoma amazi menshi.

Byongeye kandi, iyo icyuma gitangiye, inguni yo gushyiramo icyuma ishobora guhindurwa kugeza ku rugero ruto, ibi bishobora kugabanya umutwaro wo gutangira wa moteri (hafi 1/3 ~ 2/3 by'ingufu zagenwe); mbere yo kuzimya, inguni y'icyuma ishobora guhindurwa kugeza ku gaciro gato, ibi bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi asubira inyuma n'ingano y'amazi mu ipompo mu gihe cyo kuzimya, no kugabanya ingaruka z'amazi ku bikoresho.

Muri make, ingaruka zo guhindura inguni y'icyuma ni ingenzi: ① Guhindura inguni ku gaciro gato bituma byoroha gutangira no kuzimya; ② Guhindura inguni ku gaciro kanini byongera umuvuduko w'amazi; ③ Guhindura inguni bishobora gutuma pompe ikora neza. Bigaragara ko icyuma gipima inguni y'icyuma gifite umwanya ukomeye mu mikorere no mu micungire y'ibikoresho bito n'ibinini byo gupompa.

Igice cy'ingenzi cya pompe ivangiye umuyoboro ihinduka burundu kigizwe n'ibice bitatu: umutwe wa pompe, umugenzuzi, na moteri.

1. Umutwe wa pompe

Umuvuduko wihariye wa pompe ivanze ihinduranya ikoreshwa neza ni 400 ~ 1600 (umuvuduko wihariye wihariye wa pompe ihuza ikoreshwa ni 700 ~ 1600), (umuvuduko wihariye wihariye wa pompe ivanze ikoreshwa ni 400 ~ 800), naho umutwe rusange ni 0 ~ 30.6m. Umutwe wa pompe ugizwe ahanini n'ihembe ry'amazi (aho amazi yinjira), ibice bya rotor, ibice by'icyumba cy'impeller, umubiri w'imashini iyobora, intebe ya pompe, inkokora, ibice by'umugozi wa pompe, ibice byo gupakira, nibindi. Intangiriro ku bice by'ingenzi:

1. Igice cya rotor ni igice cy'ingenzi kiri mu mutwe wa pompe, kigizwe n'ibyuma, umubiri wa rotor, inkoni yo hasi yo gukurura, icyuma gifata, ukuboko kwa crank, urwego rw'imikorere, inkoni ihuza n'ibindi bice. Nyuma yo guteranya muri rusange, hakorwa ikizamini cyo kuringaniza static. Muri byo, ibikoresho by'icyuma byaba byiza ari ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo (ubukana bwinshi no kudashira neza), kandi hakoreshwa imashini ya CNC. Ibikoresho by'ibice bisigaye muri rusange ni ZG.