Pompe y’amazi ivangiye neza ni ubwoko bw’ipompo ifite umurambararo uciriritse n’umugari munini ikoresha icyuma gihindura inguni kugira ngo itere ibyuma bya pompe kuzenguruka, bityo igahindura inguni y’aho ibyuma bishyirwa kugira ngo habeho impinduka mu miyoboro y’amazi n’umutwe. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara amazi ni amazi meza cyangwa imyanda yoroheje kuri 0 ~ 50°C (ibinyabiziga byihariye birimo amazi yo mu nyanja n’amazi yo mu ruzi rw’umuhondo). Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mishinga yo kubungabunga amazi, kuhira, kuvomerera amazi no kuyobya amazi, kandi ikoreshwa mu mishinga myinshi y’igihugu nko mu mushinga wo kuyobya amazi kuva mu majyepfo kugera mu majyaruguru n’umushinga wo kuyobya amazi kuva ku ruzi rwa Yangtze kugera kuri Huaihe.
Ibyuma by'umugozi n'ipompo ivanze bihinduka ahantu hatandukanye. Iyo imiterere y'imikorere ya pompe itandukaniye n'aho igishushanyo mbonera giherereye, igipimo kiri hagati y'umuvuduko uzenguruka impande z'imbere n'inyuma z'impande kirasenyuka, bigatuma icyuma gitembera n'impande (airfoils) ku ntera zitandukanye kidakomeza kungana, bityo bigatuma amazi atembera muri pompe ahindagurika kandi amazi agatakaza; uko kure y'aho igishushanyo mbonera giherereye, ni ko urwego rw'amazi atembera rwiyongera kandi amazi agatakaza menshi. Ipompo zivanze n'izivanze zifite umutwe muto n'agace gato gafite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza. Guhindura umutwe wazo w'akazi bizagabanya cyane imikorere ya pompe. Kubwibyo, ipompo zivanze n'izivanze muri rusange ntizishobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gufunga, guhindukira n'ubundi buryo bwo guhindura kugira ngo zihindure imikorere y'imikorere; icyarimwe, kubera ko ikiguzi cyo kugenzura umuvuduko ari kinini cyane, uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko uhindagurika ntibukunze gukoreshwa mu mikorere nyayo. Kubera ko ipompo zivanze n'izivanze zifite umubiri munini, biroroshye gushyiraho ibyuma n'uburyo bwo guhuza inkoni zishobora guhindura inguni. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gukora imashini zikoresha umurongo umwe n’izikoresha umurongo umwe akenshi bigira uruhare mu guhindura inguni zihindagurika, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma imashini zikoresha umurongo umwe n’izikoresha umurongo umwe zikora neza mu gihe zikora neza.
Iyo itandukaniro ry’amazi yo hejuru n’ayo hasi ryiyongereye (ni ukuvuga umutwe w’amazi wiyongera), inguni yo gushyiramo icyuma ihinduka ku gipimo gito. Mu gihe ikomeza gukora neza, umuvuduko w’amazi ugabanuka neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko moteri iremererwa cyane; iyo itandukaniro ry’amazi yo hejuru n’ayo hasi rigabanutse (ni ukuvuga umutwe w’amazi ugabanuka), inguni yo gushyiramo icyuma ihinduka ku gipimo kinini kugira ngo moteri ishyiremo neza kandi itume pompe y’amazi irushaho gusohora amazi menshi. Muri make, gukoresha icyuma n’imashini zivanze zishobora guhindura inguni y’icyuma bishobora gutuma ikora neza, birinda kuzimya ku ngufu no kugera ku musaruro mwiza no kuvoma amazi menshi.
Byongeye kandi, iyo icyuma gitangiye, inguni yo gushyiramo icyuma ishobora guhindurwa kugeza ku rugero ruto, ibi bishobora kugabanya umutwaro wo gutangira wa moteri (hafi 1/3 ~ 2/3 by'ingufu zagenwe); mbere yo kuzimya, inguni y'icyuma ishobora guhindurwa kugeza ku gaciro gato, ibi bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi asubira inyuma n'ingano y'amazi mu ipompo mu gihe cyo kuzimya, no kugabanya ingaruka z'amazi ku bikoresho.
Muri make, ingaruka zo guhindura inguni y'icyuma ni ingenzi: ① Guhindura inguni ku gaciro gato bituma byoroha gutangira no kuzimya; ② Guhindura inguni ku gaciro kanini byongera umuvuduko w'amazi; ③ Guhindura inguni bishobora gutuma pompe ikora neza. Bigaragara ko icyuma gipima inguni y'icyuma gifite umwanya ukomeye mu mikorere no mu micungire y'ibikoresho bito n'ibinini byo gupompa.
Igice cy'ingenzi cya pompe ivangiye umuyoboro ihinduka burundu kigizwe n'ibice bitatu: umutwe wa pompe, umugenzuzi, na moteri.
Ⅰ, Umutwe wa pompe
Umuvuduko wihariye wa pompe ivanze ihinduranya ikoreshwa neza ni 400 ~ 1600 (umuvuduko wihariye wihariye wa pompe ihuza ikoreshwa ni 700 ~ 1600), (umuvuduko wihariye wihariye wa pompe ivanze ikoreshwa ni 400 ~ 800), naho umutwe rusange ni 0 ~ 30.6m. Umutwe wa pompe ugizwe ahanini n'ihembe ry'amazi (aho amazi yinjira), ibice bya rotor, ibice by'icyumba cy'impeller, umubiri w'imashini iyobora, intebe ya pompe, inkokora, ibice by'umugozi wa pompe, ibice byo gupakira, nibindi. Intangiriro ku bice by'ingenzi:
1. Igice cya rotor ni igice cy'ingenzi kiri mu mutwe wa pompe. Kigizwe n'ibyuma, umubiri wa rotor, inkoni yo hasi yo gukurura, icyuma gifata, ukuboko kwa crank, urwego rw'imikorere, inkoni ihuza n'ibindi bice. Nyuma yo guteranya muri rusange, hakorwa ikizamini cyo kuringaniza static. Muri byo, ibikoresho by'icyuma byaba byiza ari ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo (ubukana bwinshi no kudashira neza), kandi imashini ya CNC ikoreshwa. Ibikoresho by'ibice bisigaye muri rusange ni ZG.
2. Ibice by'icyumba cy'impeller bifunguka hagati, bigakomezwa n'amabolts kandi bigashyirwamo imigozi y'inyuguti. Ibikoresho ni byiza cyane ko ari integral ZG, kandi bimwe mu bice bikozwe mu byuma bitagira umugese bya ZG + (iki gisubizo kiragoye gukorwa kandi gishobora kwangirika, bityo kigomba kwirindwa uko bishoboka kose).
3. Umubiri w'icyuma gifata imashini. Kubera ko ipompo ishobora guhindurwa neza ari ipompo iciriritse kugeza kuri nini, ingorane zo gucukura, ikiguzi cyo gukora n'ibindi bintu byitabwaho. Muri rusange, ibikoresho bikunzwe ni ZG+Q235B. Igikoresho gifata imashini gikoreshwa mu gice kimwe, naho icyuma gifata imashini ni icyuma cya Q235B. Ibyo byombi birasuzumwa hanyuma bigatunganywa.
4. Umugozi w'ipompo: Pompe ishobora guhindurwa neza muri rusange ni umugozi ufite imiterere y'urukiramende ku mpera zombi. Ibikoresho byaba byiza bikozwe mu buryo bwa 45 + 30Cr13. Umugozi wo ku gikoresho cy'amazi gifasha mu gufata amazi ni uwo kongera ubukana bwawo no kunoza uburyo bwo kudashira.
Ⅱ. Intangiriro ku bice by'ingenzi by'umugenzuzi
Muri iki gihe, icyuma gipima inguni y’umugozi cyubatswemo gikoreshwa cyane cyane ku isoko. Gigizwe ahanini n’ibice bitatu: umubiri uzenguruka, igifuniko, n’agasanduku k’uburyo bwo kwerekana.
1. Umubiri uzenguruka: Umubiri uzenguruka ugizwe n'intebe yo gushyigikira, silinda, ikigega cya lisansi, icyuma gitanga ingufu za hydraulic, sensor y'inguni, impeta y'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi.
Igice cyose kizunguruka gishyirwa ku giti cy’ingenzi cya moteri kandi kizunguruka kimwe n’igiti. Gihambiriwe hejuru y’igiti cy’ingenzi cya moteri binyuze mu gice cyo kuyishyiraho.
Urufunguzo rwo gushyiramo rufatanye n'intebe ishyigikira.
Aho bapimira icyuma gipima inguni hashyirwa hagati y’icyuma gipima pisitoni n’agapira k’icyuma gifata icyuma, naho icyuma gipima inguni gishyirwa hanze ya silindiri ya lisansi.
Impeta y'amashanyarazi ishyirwa ku gipfundikizo cy'ikigega cya lisansi, kandi igice cyayo kizenguruka (rotor) kizenguruka kimwe n'umubiri uzenguruka. Impera y'umusaruro kuri rotor ihujwe n'icyuma gitanga ingufu za hydraulic, sensor y'umuvuduko, sensor y'ubushyuhe, sensor y'inguni, na switch y'umupaka; igice cya stator cy'impeta y'amashanyarazi gihujwe n'akazu ko guhagarika ku gipfundikizo, kandi aho stator isohoka hahujwe n'icyuma kiri mu gipfundikizo cy'umugenzuzi;
Inkoni ya piston ihambiriwe ku nkoni y'ipompe y'amazi.
Imashini y'amashanyarazi ya hydraulic iri imbere muri tanki ya lisansi, itanga ingufu zo gukora kwa silindiri ya lisansi.
Hari impeta ebyiri zo guterura zishyirwa ku kigega cy'amavuta kugira ngo zikoreshwe iyo icyuma gipima amazi gishyizwe hejuru.
2. Igipfukisho (cyane cyitwa umubiri udahinduka): Kigizwe n'ibice bitatu. Igice kimwe ni igipfukisho cy'inyuma; igice cya kabiri ni igipfukisho cy'igipfukisho; igice cya gatatu ni idirishya ryo kureba. Igipfukisho cy'inyuma gishyizwe hejuru y'igipfukisho cy'inyuma cya moteri nkuru kandi gitwikira umubiri uzenguruka.
3. Agasanduku k'uburyo bwo kwerekana (nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3): Kagizwe na PLC, ecran yo gukoraho, relay, contactor, DC power supply, knob, itara ryerekana, nibindi. Ecran yo gukoraho ishobora kwerekana inguni y'icyuma gikoreshwa, igihe, umuvuduko w'amavuta n'ibindi bipimo. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ifite imirimo ibiri: kugenzura aho uherereye n'ubuyobozi bwa kure. Uburyo bubiri bwo kugenzura buhindurwa binyuze mu kabuto k'ahantu habiri ku gasanduku k'uburyo bwo kwerekanaho (byitwa "agasanduku k'uburyo bwo kugenzura", kimwe kiri hepfo).
3. Kugereranya no guhitamo moteri zihuza n'izindi zidafite ingano
A. Ibyiza n'ibibi bya moteri zihuza
Ibyiza:
1. Icyuho cy'umwuka kiri hagati ya rotor na stator ni kinini, kandi kuyishyiraho no kuyihindura biroroshye.
2. Gukora neza no gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi.
3. Umuvuduko ntuhinduka bitewe n'umutwaro.
4. Gukora neza cyane.
5. Ingufu zishobora gutezwa imbere. Ingufu zishobora gusubizwa inyuma zishobora gutangwa ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bityo bikanoza ubwiza bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, iyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhinduwe kuri 1 cyangwa hafi yayo, igipimo kuri ammeter kiragabanuka kuko igice cy'amashanyarazi kiba cyagabanutse, ibyo bikaba bidashoboka kuri moteri zitagira ingano.
Ibibi:
1. Rotor igomba gukoreshwa n'igikoresho cyabugenewe cyo gukurura.
2. Igiciro ni kinini.
3. Kubungabunga biragoye cyane.
B. Ibyiza n'ibibi bya moteri zidahuza
Ibyiza:
1. Rotor ntabwo ikeneye guhuzwa n'izindi ngufu.
2. Imiterere yoroshye, uburemere bworoheje, kandi ihendutse.
3. Kubungabunga byoroshye.
Ibibi:
1. Ingufu zikora zigomba gukurwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ibyo bigatuma ubwiza bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi bugabanuka.
2. Icyuho cy'umwuka kiri hagati ya rotor na stator ni gito, kandi kuyishyiraho no kuyitunganya ntibigoye.
C. Guhitamo moteri
Guhitamo moteri zifite imbaraga za 1000kW n'umuvuduko wa 300r/min bigomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku kugereranya tekiniki n'ubukungu hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye.
1. Mu nganda zishinzwe kubungabunga amazi, iyo ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho buri munsi ya 800kW, moteri zidahuza ni zo zikundwa. Iyo ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho burenga 800kW, moteri zidahuza ni zo zikundwa.
2. Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya moteri zihuza na moteri zihuza ni uko hari aho zihuza na rotor, kandi hagomba gushyirwaho ecran yo gukurura thyristor.
3. Ishami rishinzwe gutanga amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye riteganya ko ingufu zikoreshwa ku mukoresha zigomba kugera kuri 0.90. Moteri zikoresha uburyo bwa "synchronous" zifite ingufu nyinshi kandi zishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi; mu gihe moteri zikoresha uburyo bwa "asynchronous" zifite ingufu nke kandi ntizishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa "reactive power" zirakenewe. Kubwibyo, sitasiyo za pompe zifite moteri zikoresha uburyo bwa "asynchronous" muri rusange zigomba kuba zifite ecran zikoresha uburyo bwa "reactive power compensation".
4. Imiterere ya moteri zihuza imikorere iragoye cyane kurusha iya moteri zihuza imikorere idasanzwe. Iyo umushinga wa pompe station ugomba kwita ku gutanga ingufu n'uburyo zihuza imikorere idasanzwe, moteri zihuza imikorere zigomba gutoranywa.
Pompe zivanze zihinduranya nezazikoreshwa cyane mu bice bihagaze (ZLQ, HLQ, ZLQK), ibice bitambitse (bifite imiterere igororotse) (ZWQ, ZXQ, ZGQ), kandi zishobora no gukoreshwa mu bice bya LP bifite umurambararo muto n'umurambararo munini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-18-2024