Iphampu yokugeleza exubile yomgodi elungiseka ngokuphelele iwuhlobo lwephampu enobubanzi obuphakathi nobukhulu esebenzisa i-blade angle adjuster ukushayela ama-blade ephampu ukuthi ajikeleze, ngaleyo ndlela ishintshe i-angle yokubekwa kwe-blade ukuze kufezwe izinguquko zokugeleza kanye nekhanda. I-medium eyinhloko yokudlulisa amanzi ahlanzekile noma indle encane ku-0~50℃ (imidiya ekhethekile ifaka amanzi olwandle kanye namanzi oMfula i-Yellow). Isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni yamaphrojekthi okulondolozwa kwamanzi, ukunisela, ukuhambisa amanzi kanye namaphrojekthi okuguqula amanzi, futhi isetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi amaningi kazwelonke afana ne-South-to-North Water Diversion Project kanye ne-Yangtze River Diversion Project kuya ku-Huaihe River Diversion Project.
Ama-blade omgodi kanye nephampu yokugeleza exubile aphazamiseka ngokwendawo. Lapho izimo zokusebenza zephampu ziphambuka endaweni yokuklama, isilinganiso phakathi kwesivinini esijikelezayo semiphetho yangaphakathi neyangaphandle yama-blade siyabhujiswa, okuholela ekuphakameni okukhiqizwa ama-blade (ama-airfoil) kuma-radii ahlukene ukuthi angasalingani, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuthi ukugeleza kwamanzi ephampu kube nokuxokozela kanye nokulahleka kwamanzi kwande; lapho kude nendawo yokuklama, kulapho izinga lokuxokozela kwamanzi likhula khona futhi kulapho kulahleka khona amanzi kakhulu. Amaphampu okugeleza axial kanye naxubile anekhanda eliphansi kanye nendawo encane esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukushintsha kwekhanda lawo lokusebenza kuzobangela ukwehla okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwephampu. Ngakho-ke, amaphampu okugeleza axial kanye naxubile ngokuvamile awakwazi ukusebenzisa i-throttling, i-turn kanye nezinye izindlela zokulungisa ukushintsha ukusebenza kwezimo zokusebenza; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba izindleko zokulawulwa kwejubane ziphezulu kakhulu, ukulawulwa kwejubane eliguquguqukayo akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ekusebenzeni kwangempela. Njengoba amaphampu okugeleza axial kanye naxubile enomzimba omkhulu wehabhu, kulula ukufaka ama-blade kanye nezindlela zokuxhuma induku ye-blade ezingalungisa i-engeli. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kwesimo sokusebenza kwamaphampu okugeleza ajikelezayo nahlanganisiwe kuvame ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwe-engeli eguquguqukayo, okungenza amaphampu okugeleza ajikelezayo nahlanganisiwe asebenze ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinhle kakhulu.
Uma umehluko wamanzi angenhla nomfula ukhuphuka (okungukuthi, ikhanda le-net liyanda), i-engeli yokubekwa kwe-blade ilungiswa ibe yinani elincane. Ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi lincishiswa ngokufanele ukuvimbela injini ukuthi ingagcwali ngokweqile; lapho umehluko wamanzi angenhla nomfula uncipha (okungukuthi, ikhanda le-net lincipha), i-engeli yokubekwa kwe-blade ilungiswa ibe yinani elikhulu ukuze ilayishe ngokugcwele injini futhi ivumele iphampu yamanzi ukuthi ipompe amanzi amaningi. Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu omgodi kanye nokugeleza okuxubile okungashintsha i-engeli ye-blade kungenza isebenze esimweni esihle kakhulu sokusebenza, kugwenywe ukuvalwa okuphoqelelwe futhi kufezwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokupompa amanzi aphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho iyunithi iqalwa, i-engeli yokubekwa kwe-blade ingalungiswa ibe yincane kakhulu, okunganciphisa umthwalo wokuqala wemoto (cishe i-1/3 ~ 2/3 yamandla alinganisiwe); ngaphambi kokuvala, i-engeli ye-blade ingalungiswa ibe yinani elincane, okunganciphisa isivinini sokugeleza emuva kanye nomthamo wamanzi wokugeleza kwamanzi epompo ngesikhathi sokuvala, futhi kunciphise umonakalo womthelela wokugeleza kwamanzi emishinini.
Ngamafuphi, umphumela wokulungiswa kwe-blade angle ubalulekile: ① Ukulungisa i-engeli ibe yinani elincane kwenza kube lula ukuqala nokuvala; ② Ukulungisa i-engeli ibe yinani elikhulu kwandisa izinga lokugeleza; ③ Ukulungisa i-engeli kungenza iyunithi yepompo isebenze ngokonga. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-blade angle adjuster ithatha isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuphathweni kweziteshi zokupompa eziphakathi nezinkulu.
Umzimba oyinhloko wephampu yokugeleza exubile yomgodi elungiseka ngokuphelele uqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: ikhanda lephampu, umlawuli, kanye nenjini.
Ⅰ, Ikhanda lephampu
Isivinini esithile sephampu yokugeleza exubile ye-axial elungiseka ngokugcwele singama-400~1600 (isivinini esithile esivamile sephampu yokugeleza ye-axial singama-700~1600), (isivinini esithile esivamile sephampu yokugeleza exubile singama-400~800), kanti ikhanda elijwayelekile lingama-0~30.6m. Ikhanda lephampu lakhiwe kakhulu uphondo lokungena kwamanzi (ijoyinti lokukhulisa ukungena kwamanzi), izingxenye ze-rotor, izingxenye zegumbi le-impeller, umzimba we-guide vane, isihlalo sephampu, indololwane, izingxenye zomshafu wephampu, izingxenye zokupakisha, njll. Isingeniso ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile:
1. Ingxenye ye-rotor iyisici esiyinhloko ekhanda lephampu. Yakhiwa ama-blade, umzimba we-rotor, induku yokudonsa engezansi, i-bearing, ingalo ye-crank, uhlaka lokusebenza, induku yokuxhuma nezinye izingxenye. Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa okuphelele, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwebhalansi engaguquki. Phakathi kwazo, izinto ze-blade kungcono zibe yi-ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo (ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka), futhi kusetshenziswa imishini ye-CNC. Izinto zezingxenye ezisele ngokuvamile ziyi-ZG.
2. Izingxenye zegumbi le-impeller zivulwa ngokuhlangene phakathi, eziqiniswe ngamabhawodi futhi zibekwe ngezikhonkwane eziyindilinga. Izinto zokwakha kungcono zibe yi-integral ZG, kanti ezinye izingxenye zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali enomugqa we-ZG + (lesi sixazululo siyinkimbinkimbi ukusenza futhi sithambekele ekuphazamisekeni kokushisela, ngakho-ke kufanele sigwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka).
3. Umzimba we-vane eqondisayo. Njengoba iphampu elungiseka ngokugcwele iyiphampu ephakathi nendawo kuya kwenkulu, ubunzima bokuphotha, izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nezinye izici ziyacatshangelwa. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezikhethwayo yi-ZG+Q235B. I-vane eqondisayo iphonswa ibe yingcezu eyodwa, kanti i-flange yegobolondo iyipuleti lensimbi le-Q235B. Zombili ziyashintshwa bese zicutshungulwa.
4. Umgodi wephampu: Iphampu elungiseka ngokuphelele ngokuvamile iyishafu engenalutho enezakhiwo zeflange kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Izinto zokwakha kungcono zenziwe nge-cladding engu-45 + engu-30Cr13. Umgodi we-water guide bearing kanye ne-filler ikakhulukazi ukwandisa ubulukhuni bawo nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka.
Ⅱ. Isingeniso ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko zomlawuli
Namuhla, isilawuli se-hydraulic se-blade angle esakhelwe ngaphakathi sisetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe. Siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: umzimba ojikelezayo, isembozo, kanye nebhokisi lesistimu yokubonisa yokulawula.
1. Umzimba ojikelezayo: Umzimba ojikelezayo uqukethe isihlalo sokusekela, isilinda, ithangi likaphethiloli, iyunithi yamandla e-hydraulic, inzwa ye-engeli, indandatho yokushelela yokunikezwa kwamandla, njll.
Umzimba wonke ojikelezayo ubekwa ku-shaft eyinhloko yemoto futhi ujikeleza ngokuvumelana ne-shaft. Uboshelwe phezulu kwe-shaft eyinhloko yemoto nge-flange yokufaka.
I-flange yokufaka ixhunywe esihlalweni esisekelayo.
Indawo yokulinganisa yenzwa ye-engeli ifakiwe phakathi kwenduku ye-piston kanye nesiketi senduku yokubopha, kanti inzwa ye-engeli ifakiwe ngaphandle kwesilinda sikaphethiloli.
Indandatho yokushelela yokunikezwa kwamandla ifakiwe futhi iqiniswe ekhava yethangi likaphethiloli, kanti ingxenye yayo ejikelezayo (i-rotor) ijikeleza ngokuvumelana nomzimba ojikelezayo. Ukuphela kokuphuma ku-rotor kuxhunywe kuyunithi yamandla e-hydraulic, inzwa yokucindezela, inzwa yokushisa, inzwa ye-angle, kanye neswishi yomkhawulo; ingxenye ye-stator yendandatho yokushelela yokunikezwa kwamandla ixhunywe ku-stop screw esekhava, kanti i-stator outlet ixhunywe ku-terminal esekhava yokulawula;
Induku yepiston iboshelwe endukwini yethayi lepompo yamanzi.
Iyunithi yamandla e-hydraulic ingaphakathi kwethangi likaphethiloli, elihlinzeka ngamandla okusebenza kwesilinda kaphethiloli.
Kunezindandatho ezimbili zokuphakamisa ezifakwe ethangini likawoyela ukuze zisetshenziswe lapho isilawuli siphakanyiswa.
2. Isembozo (esibizwa nangokuthi umzimba oqinile): Siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. Ingxenye eyodwa isembozo sangaphandle; ingxenye yesibili isembozo sesembozo; ingxenye yesithathu ifasitela lokubuka. Isembozo sangaphandle sinamathele phezulu kwesembozo sangaphandle semoto eyinhloko futhi simboza umzimba ojikelezayo.
3. Ibhokisi lesistimu yokubonisa yokulawula (njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3): Liqukethe i-PLC, isikrini sokuthinta, i-relay, i-contactor, ugesi we-DC, i-knob, ukukhanya kwesikhombisi, njll. Isikrini sokuthinta singabonisa i-engeli ye-blade yamanje, isikhathi, ingcindezi kawoyela kanye neminye imingcele. Uhlelo lokulawula lunemisebenzi emibili: ukulawula kwendawo kanye nokulawula okude. Izindlela ezimbili zokulawula zishintshwa nge-knob enezindawo ezimbili ebhokisini lesistimu yokubonisa yokulawula (okubizwa ngokuthi "ibhokisi lokubonisa yokulawula", okufanayo ngezansi).
3. Ukuqhathanisa nokukhethwa kwama-motor ahambisanayo nalawo angavumelani
A. Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwama-motor ahambisanayo
Izinzuzo:
1. Igebe lomoya phakathi kwe-rotor ne-stator likhulu, futhi ukufakwa nokulungiswa kulula.
2. Ukusebenza kahle kanye nomthamo oqinile wokulayisha ngokweqile.
3. Ijubane alishintshi ngomthwalo.
4. Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.
5. Isici samandla singathuthukiswa. Amandla asebenzayo anganikezwa kugridi yamandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yegridi yamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isici samandla silungiswa sibe yi-1 noma eduze kwayo, ukufundwa kwe-ammeter kuzoncipha ngoba ingxenye esabelayo kumandla kagesi incishisiwe, okuyinto engenakwenzeka kuma-motor angenawo ukuvumelanisa.
Okubi:
1. I-rotor idinga ukunikezwa amandla yidivayisi yokuvuselela ezinikele.
2. Izindleko ziphezulu.
3. Ukugcinwa kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
B. Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwama-motor angenawo ukuvumelanisa
Izinzuzo:
1. I-rotor ayidingi ukuxhunywa kweminye imithombo yamandla.
2. Isakhiwo esilula, isisindo esilula, kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
3. Ukulungiswa okulula.
Okubi:
1. Amandla asebenzayo kumele akhishwe kugridi yamandla, okwehlisa ikhwalithi yegridi yamandla.
2. Igebe lomoya phakathi kwe-rotor ne-stator lincane, futhi ukufakwa nokulungiswa akulungile.
C. Ukukhethwa kwama-motor
Ukukhethwa kwama-motor anamandla alinganiselwe angu-1000kW kanye nesivinini esilinganiselwe esingu-300r/min kufanele kunqunywe ngokusekelwe ekuqhathanisweni kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwezomnotho ngokwezimo ezithile.
1. Embonini yokongiwa kwamanzi, uma umthamo ofakiwe ungaphansi kuka-800kW, amamotha angenawo ugesi akhethwayo. Uma umthamo ofakiwe ungaphezu kuka-800kW, amamotha ahambisanayo akhethwayo.
2. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-motor ahambisanayo nama-motor angenawo ugesi ukuthi kukhona ukugoqana komoya ovuselelayo ku-rotor, futhi isikrini somoya ovuselelayo se-thyristor sidinga ukulungiswa.
3. Umnyango wokuphakelwa kukagesi wezwe lami ubeka ukuthi i-power factor ekuphakelweni kukagesi komsebenzisi kumele ifinyelele ngaphezu kuka-0.90. Ama-synchronous motors ane-power factor ephezulu futhi angahlangabezana nezidingo zokuphakelwa kukagesi; kuyilapho ama-asynchronous motors ene-power factor ephansi futhi engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphakelwa kukagesi, futhi kudingeka isinxephezelo sikagesi esisebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, iziteshi zokupompa ezifakwe ama-asynchronous motors ngokuvamile zidinga ukuhlonyiswa ngezikrini zesinxephezelo sikagesi esisebenzayo.
4. Isakhiwo samamotha ahambisanayo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunesamamotha angenawo ugesi. Uma iphrojekthi yesiteshi sokupompa idinga ukucabangela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokuguqulwa kwesigaba, amamotha ahambisanayo kumele akhethwe.
Amaphampu okugeleza axubile aguquguqukayo ngokugcwelezisetshenziswa kabanzi kumayunithi aqondile (ZLQ, HLQ, ZLQK), amayunithi avundlile (athambekele) (ZWQ, ZXQ, ZGQ), futhi zingasetshenziswa kumayunithi e-LP aphansi kanye namakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-18-2024