1. Ngowuphi umgaqo ophambili wokusebenza kwe-impompo ye-centrifugal?
Injini iqhuba i-impeller ukuba ijikeleze ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ulwelo luvelise amandla e-centrifugal. Ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal, ulwelo luphoswa kumjelo osecaleni luze lukhutshwe kwimpompo, okanye lungene kwi-impeller elandelayo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwindawo yokungena ye-impeller, kwaye kwenze umahluko woxinzelelo ngoxinzelelo olusebenza kulwelo lokufunxa. Umahluko woxinzelelo usebenza kwimpompo yokufunxa ulwelo. Ngenxa yokujikeleza okuqhubekayo kwempompo ye-centrifugal, ulwelo luhlala lufunxwa okanye lukhutshwa.
2. Zithini imisebenzi ye-oyile yokuthambisa (igrisi)?
Ukuthambisa nokupholisa, ukufutha, ukuvala, ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela, ukukhusela, kunye nokukhupha impahla.
3. Ngawaphi amanqanaba amathathu okucoca ekufuneka ioyile yokuthambisa idlule kuwo ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe?
Inqanaba lokuqala: phakathi kwebhareli yokuqala yeoyile yokuthambisa kunye nebhareli esisigxina;
Inqanaba lesibini: phakathi komgqomo weoyile osisigxina kunye nembiza yeoyile;
Inqanaba lesithathu: phakathi kwembiza yeoyile nendawo yokuzalisa amafutha.
4. Zithini "izigqibo ezintlanu" zokuthambisa izixhobo?
Indawo ezinzileyo: gcwalisa ipetroli kwindawo echaziweyo;
Ixesha: gcwalisa iindawo zokuthambisa ngexesha elichaziweyo kwaye utshintshe ioyile rhoqo;
Ubungakanani: gcwalisa ipetroli ngokobungakanani bokusetyenziswa;
Umgangatho: khetha iioyile ezahlukeneyo zokuthambisa ngokweemodeli ezahlukeneyo kwaye ugcine umgangatho weoyile ufanelekile;
Umntu ochaziweyo: inxalenye nganye yokuzalisa amafutha kufuneka ibe noxanduva lomntu ozinikeleyo.
5. Zithini iingozi zamanzi kwi-oyile yokuthambisa epompo?
Amanzi anokunciphisa uburhabaxa beoyile yokuthambisa, anciphise amandla efilimu yeoyile, aze anciphise isiphumo sokuthambisa.
Amanzi aya kubanda ngaphantsi kwe-0℃, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu ukunyibilika kobushushu obuphantsi kweoyile yokuthambisa.
Amanzi anokukhawulezisa i-oxidation yeoyile yokuthambisa aze akhuthaze ukubola kwee-asidi ze-organic eziphantsi kweemolekyuli zibe ziimetali.
Amanzi aya kwandisa ukugqwala kweoyile yokuthambisa aze enze kube lula ukuba ioyile yokuthambisa ivelise igwebu.
Amanzi aza kubangela ukuba iindawo zesinyithi zibe nomhlwa.
6. Zithini izinto eziqulethwe kulondolozo lwepompo?
Sebenzisa ngokunyanisekileyo inkqubo yoxanduva lwasemva koxanduva kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye neminye imithetho nemigaqo.
Ukuthambisa izixhobo kufuneka kufikelele "kwizigqibo ezintlanu" kunye "nokuhluza okunamanqanaba amathathu", kwaye izixhobo zokuthambisa maziphelele kwaye zicoceke.
Izixhobo zokulungisa, izixhobo zokhuseleko, izixhobo zokucima umlilo, njl.njl. zigqityiwe kwaye zilungile kwaye zibekwe kakuhle.
7. Yeyiphi imigangatho eqhelekileyo yokuvuza kwetywina le-shaft?
Itywina lokupakisha: ngaphantsi kwamaconsi angama-20/ngomzuzu kwioyile ekhaphukhaphu kwaye ngaphantsi kwamaconsi ali-10/ngomzuzu kwioyile enzima
Itywina loomatshini: ngaphantsi kwamathontsi ali-10/ngomzuzu kwioyile ekhaphukhaphu kwaye ngaphantsi kwamathontsi ama-5/ngomzuzu kwioyile enzima
8. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ipompo ye-centrifugal?
Jonga ukuba umzimba wepompo kunye nemibhobho yokuphuma, iivalvu, kunye neeflanges ziqinisiwe na, nokuba iibholiti zekona yomhlaba zikhululekile na, nokuba i-coupling (ivili) iqhagamshelwe na, kwaye ingaba i-pressure gauge kunye ne-thermometer zibuthathaka kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa.
Jika ivili izihlandlo ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ukujonga ukuba ukujikeleza kuyaguquguquka na kwaye akukho sandi singaqhelekanga.
Jonga ukuba umgangatho weoyile yokuthambisa uyafaneleka na kwaye ubungakanani beoyile bugcinwe phakathi kwe-1/3 kunye ne-1/2 yefestile.
Vula ivalvu yokungena uze uvale ivalvu yokuphuma, vula ivalvu yesandla yokulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye neevalvu ezahlukeneyo zamanzi okupholisa, iivalvu zeoyile zokufunxa, njl.
Ngaphambi kokuba iqalise, ipompo ethutha ioyile eshushu kufuneka ifudunyezwe ukuya kumahluko obushushu obuyi-40 ~ 60℃ xa ithelekiswa nobushushu obusebenzayo. Izinga lokufudumeza aliyi kudlula i-50℃/iyure, kwaye ubushushu obuphezulu abuyi kudlula i-40℃ yobushushu obusebenzayo.
Nxibelelana nombane ukuze akunike umbane.
Kwiimoto ezingaqhumiyo, qalisa ifeni okanye ufake umoya oshushu ongenakuqhuma ukuze uvuthuze igesi evuthayo ekwipompo.
9. Ungayitshintsha njani ipompo ye-centrifugal?
Okokuqala, onke amalungiselelo ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ipompo kufuneka enziwe, njengokufudumeza ipompo kwangaphambili. Ngokwendlela ipompo ehamba ngayo, umbane, uxinzelelo, inqanaba lolwelo kunye nezinye iiparameter ezinxulumene noko, umgaqo kukuqala ipompo yokulinda, ulinde ukuba zonke iindawo zibe zisemgangathweni, kwaye emva kokuba uxinzelelo luphezulu, vula ivalvu yokuphuma kancinci, kwaye uvale kancinci ivalvu yokuphuma yepompo etshintshiweyo de ivalvu yokuphuma yepompo etshintshiweyo ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uyeke ipompo etshintshiweyo, kodwa ukuguquguquka kweeparameter ezifana nokuhamba okubangelwa kukutshintsha kufuneka kuncitshiswe.
10. Kutheni le nto ingenakoimpompo ye-centrifugaluqala xa idiski ingashukumi?
Ukuba idiski yepompo ye-centrifugal ayishukumi, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho isiphene ngaphakathi kwepompo. Esi siphene sisenokuba kukuba i-impeller ibambekile okanye i-pump shaft igobile kakhulu, okanye iindawo eziguquguqukayo nezizinzileyo zepompo zigqwalile, okanye uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwepompo luphezulu kakhulu. Ukuba idiski yepompo ayishukumi kwaye inyanzelekile ukuba iqalise, amandla emoto anamandla aqhuba i-pump shaft ukuba ijikeleze ngamandla, nto leyo eya kubangela umonakalo kwiindawo zangaphakathi, ezinje ngokwaphuka kwe-pump shaft, ukujija, ukutyumza i-impeller, ukutsha kwe-motor coil, kwaye kunokubangela ukuba imoto ikhubeke kwaye iqale ukungasebenzi.
11. Yintoni indima ye-sealing oil?
Iindawo zokutywina ezipholileyo; ukuthambisa ukungqubana; ukuthintela umonakalo we-vacuum.
12. Kutheni ipompo yokulinda kufuneka ijikeleziswe rhoqo?
Kukho imisebenzi emithathu yokukranka rhoqo: ukuthintela isikali ukuba singabambeki kwimpompo; ukuthintela umngxuma wempompo ukuba ungaguquguquki; ukukranka kwakhona kunokuzisa ioyile yokuthambisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuthambisa ukuthintela umngxuma ukuba ungagqwali. Iibheringi ezithanjiswe ngombane zilungele ukuqaliswa kwangoko kwimeko kaxakeka.
13. Kutheni ipompo yeoyile eshushu kufuneka ifudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuba iqalwe?
Ukuba ipompo yeoyile eshushu iqaliswa ngaphandle kokufudumeza kwangaphambili, ioyile eshushu iya kungena ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni wepompo ebandayo, nto leyo ebangela ukufudumala okungalinganiyo komzimba wepompo, ukwanda okukhulu kobushushu kwenxalenye ephezulu yomzimba wepompo kunye nokwanda okuncinci kobushushu kwenxalenye esezantsi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umngxuma wepompo ugobe, okanye ibangele ukuba iringi yomlomo emzimbeni wepompo kunye nokuvalwa kwerotor kubambeke; ukuqala ngokunyanzelwa kuya kubangela ukuguguleka, ukunamathela komngxuma, kunye neengozi zokwaphuka komngxuma.
Ukuba ioyile ene-viscosity ephezulu ayitshiswanga, ioyile iya kuxinana emzimbeni wepompo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ipompo ingakwazi ukuhamba emva kokuqalisa, okanye injini iya kukhubeka ngenxa ye-torque enkulu yokuqalisa.
Ngenxa yokungafudumali ngokwaneleyo, ukwanda kobushushu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zepompo akuyi kulingana, nto leyo ebangela ukuvuza kweendawo zokutywina ezingashukumiyo. Ezifana nokuvuza kweflanges zokuphuma nezokungena, iiflanges zokugquma umzimba wepompo, kunye neepayipi zokulinganisela, kwanemililo, ukuqhuma kunye nezinye iingozi ezinkulu.
14. Yintoni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kufudunyezwa ipompo yeoyile eshushu?
Inkqubo yokufudumeza kufuneka ibe yechanekileyo. Inkqubo ngokubanzi yile: umbhobho wokukhupha ipompo → umgca wokungena kunye nomgca wokuphuma → umgca wokufudumeza kwangaphambili → umzimba wepompo → umnyango wepompo.
Ivalvu yokufudumeza kwangaphambili ayinakuvulwa ibanzi kakhulu ukuthintela ipompo ukuba ingabuyeli umva.
Isantya sokufudumeza kwangaphambili somzimba wepompo ngokubanzi akufuneki sikhawuleze kakhulu kwaye kufuneka sibe ngaphantsi kwama-50℃/h. Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo, isantya sokufudumeza kwangaphambili sinokukhawuleziswa ngokubonelela ngomphunga, amanzi ashushu kunye nezinye iindlela zokulinganisa umzimba wepompo.
Ngexesha lokufudumeza kwangaphambili, ipompo kufuneka ijikeleziswe nge-180° rhoqo emva kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 ukuthintela ukuba umngxuma wepompo ungagobi ngenxa yokufudumeza okungalinganiyo phezulu nasezantsi.
Inkqubo yamanzi okupholisa yebhokisi yokuthwala kunye nesihlalo sepompo kufuneka ivulwe ukuze kukhuselwe iibheringi kunye nezitywini zeshaft.
15. Yintoni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe emva kokuba ipompo yeoyile eshushu imisiwe?
Amanzi okupholisa enxalenye nganye awanakunqandwa ngoko nangoko. Amanzi okupholisa anokunqandwa kuphela xa ubushushu benxalenye nganye buhla bufikelela kubushushu obuqhelekileyo.
Akuvumelekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuhlamba umzimba wepompo ngamanzi abandayo ukuthintela umzimba wepompo ukuba ungapholi ngokukhawuleza kwaye utshintshe ukwakheka komzimba wepompo.
Vala ivalvu yokuphuma, ivalvu yokungena, kunye neevalvu zokudibanisa zokungena kunye nokuphuma kwepompo.
Jika ipompo nge-180° rhoqo emva kwemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30 de iqondo lobushushu lepompo lehle ngaphantsi kwe-100°C.
16. Ziziphi izizathu zokufudumeza okungaqhelekanga kweempompo ze-centrifugal ezisebenzayo?
Ukufudumeza kukubonakaliswa kwamandla oomatshini aguqulwa abe ngamandla obushushu. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokufudumeza okungaqhelekanga kweempompo zezi:
Ukufudumeza okuhambisana nengxolo kudla ngokubangelwa kukonakala kwesakhelo sokwahlulwa kwebhola yebhereyitha.
Isingxobo sebhereyitha kwibhokisi yebhereyitha sikhululekile, kwaye amadlala angaphambili nangasemva akhululekile, nto leyo ebangela ukufudumala ngenxa yokungqubana.
Umngxuma wokuthwala mkhulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isangqa esingaphandle sebheringi sikhululeke.
Kukho izinto zangaphandle emzimbeni wepompo.
Irotor ingcangcazela ngamandla, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iringi yokutywina iguge.
Impompo iyakhutshwa okanye umthwalo okwimpompo mkhulu kakhulu.
I-rotor ayilingani.
Ioyile yokuthambisa eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu kwaye umgangatho weoyile awufanelekanga.
17. Ziziphi izizathu zokungcangcazela kweempompo ze-centrifugal?
I-rotor ayilingani.
Umngxuma wepompo kunye nemoto azihambelananga, kwaye iringi yerabha yevili iyaguga.
I-bearing okanye i-sealing ring inxitywa kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza i-rotor engaqhelekanga.
Impompo iyakhutshwa okanye kukho igesi kwimpompo.
Uxinzelelo lokufunxa luphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ulwelo luphele okanye luphele luphele.
Ukutyhala kwe-axial kuyanda, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-shaft ibe yintambo.
Ukuthambisa iibheringi kunye nokupakisha ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukuguguleka okugqithisileyo.
Iibheringi zigugile okanye zonakele.
I-impeller ivalwe kancinci okanye imibhobho encedisayo yangaphandle iyangcangcazela.
Ioyile yokuthambisa eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu (igrisi).
Ukuqina kwesiseko sepompo akwanelanga, kwaye iibholithi zikhululekile.
18. Zithini imigangatho yokungcangcazela kwepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nobushushu bokuthwala?
Imigangatho yokungcangcazela yeempompo ze-centrifugal yile:
Isantya singaphantsi kwe-1500vpm, kwaye ukungcangcazela kungaphantsi kwe-0.09mm.
Isantya yi-1500 ~ 3000vpm, kwaye ukungcangcazela kungaphantsi kwe-0.06mm.
Umgangatho wobushushu bebhearing ngulo: iibhearing ezityibilikayo zingaphantsi kwama-65℃, kwaye iibhearing eziqengqelekayo zingaphantsi kwama-70℃.
19. Xa ipompo isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka ivulwe ngamanzi angakanani okupholisa?
Ixesha leposi: Juni-03-2024