Whakarāpopototanga: E whakaatu ana tēnei pepa i tētahi pūwero whakapūmau-ake o te mīhini tīhi e whakamahi ana i te rere o te hau putanga mai i te mīhini tīhi hei tiki i te korehau, tae atu ki te papu tohanga, te mīhini tīhi, te mamau, te ngongo venturi, te pūwero, te paipa putanga, me ētahi atu. Ko te pou putanga o te mīhini tīhi he mea tito mai i te mamau me te hononga. Ka honoa te pūwero ki te pou whakauru o te papu tohanga, ā, ka tāutahia he takirere kuaha ki te putanga putanga o te pūwero o te mīhini tīhi; ka whakaritea anō he paipa putanga ki te taha o te pūwero, ā, ka honoa te paipa putanga ki te putanga hau o te paipa venturi, me te taha o te paipa venturi. Ka honoa te atanga rori ki te putanga putanga o te rūma papu o te papu tohanga, ka tāutahia he takirere kuaha me te takirere kotahi-ara korehau ki te paipa, ā, ka honoa he paipa putanga ki te putanga putanga o te ngongo venturi. Ko te hau putanga mai i te miihini tīhiera ka tukuna ki roto i te ngongo venturi, ā, ko te hau i roto i te rūma papu o te papu tohanga me te paipa whakauru wai o te papu tohanga ka papuhia ki waho hei hanga i te korehau, kia ngotea ai te wai i raro iho i te tomokanga wai o te papu tohanga ki roto i te rūma papu hei whakatutuki i te rerenga wai noa.
Ko te papu miihini tīhi he papu wai e whakakahangia ana e te miihini tīhi, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te rerenga wai, te whakamakuku ahuwhenua, te tiaki ahi me te whakawhiti wai rangitahi. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā papu miihini tīhi i roto i ngā āhuatanga e kohia ana te wai mai i raro i te putanga wai o te papu wai. I tēnei wā, ko ngā tikanga e whai ake nei e whakamahia ana mō te pupuhi wai i roto i tēnei āhuatanga:
01, Tāutahia he takirere raro ki te pito o te paipa tomo o te papu wai i roto i te puna momi: i mua i te tīmatanga o te huinga papu miihini tīhiera, whakakīia te āputa papu wai ki te wai. Kia mimiti te hau i roto i te rūma papu me te mimiti o te paipa tomo wai o te papu wai, tīmatahia te huinga papu miihini tīhiera kia whiwhi ai i te tuku wai noa. Nā te mea kua tāutahia te takirere raro ki raro o te puna, ki te kore te takirere raro, he tino uaua te tiaki. Heoi anō, mō te huinga papu miihini tīhiera rere nui, nā te nui o te āputa papu me te whānui o te paipa tomo wai, he nui te wai e hiahiatia ana, ā, he iti te taumata o te aunoatanga, he tino uaua ki te whakamahi.
02, Kei roto i te huinga papu miihini tīhi he huinga papu korehau miihini tīhi: mā te tīmata i te huinga papu korehau miihini tīhi, ka pupuhihia te hau i roto i te rūma papu me te paipa whakauru wai o te papu wai, ka puta he korehau, ā, ka uru te wai i roto i te puna wai ki te paipa whakauru papu wai me te rūma papu i raro i te mahi a te pēhanga hau. I roto, tīmatahia anō te huinga papu miihini tīhi kia tutuki ai te tuku wai noa. Me taraiwa hoki te papu korehau i roto i tēnei tikanga mimiti wai e te miihini tīhi, ā, me whakauru te papu korehau ki te wehewehe wai-mamao, e kore e whakanui noa i te wāhi e nohoia ana e te taputapu, engari ka whakanui hoki i te utu o ngā taputapu.
03 、He rite te papu whakapūmau-whaiaro ki te miihini tīhiera: he iti te pai o te papu whakapūmau-whaiaro me te nui o te rōrahi, ā, he iti te rere o te papu whakapūmau-whaiaro me te iti o te hiki, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whakamahinga i roto i te nuinga o ngā wā. Hei whakaiti i te utu taputapu o te huinga papu miihini tīhi, hei whakaiti i te wāhi e nohoia ana e te huinga papu, hei whakawhānui i te whānuitanga whakamahinga o te huinga papu miihini tīhi, me te whakamahi katoa i te hau putanga e hangaia ana e te miihini tīhi e rere ana i te tere tere mā roto i te ngongo Venturi [1], ka tomo te kōhao papu centrifugal me te papu centrifugal. Ka tukuna te hau i roto i te paipa wai mā roto i te atanga momi o te ngongo venturi e hono ana ki te putanga putanga o te rūma papu papu centrifugal, ā, ka puta he korehau i roto i te rūma papu o te papu centrifugal me te paipa whakauru wai o te papu centrifugal, ā, ko te wai i roto i te puna wai kei raro iho i te tomokanga wai o te papu centrifugal kei raro i te mahi a te pēhanga hau, ka tomo ki te paipa whakauru wai o te papu wai me te kōhao papu o te papu centrifugal, ā, ka whakakīia te paipa whakauru wai o te papu centrifugal me te kōhao papu o te papu centrifugal, kātahi ka tīmata te mamau ki te hono i te miihini tīhi ki te papu centrifugal, ā, ka tīmata te papu centrifugal ki te whakatutuki i te wai noa. tuku
Tāngata: te kaupapa mahi o te ngongo Venturi
He taputapu tango korehau a Venturi e whakamahi ana i te wai hei whakawhiti i te pūngao me te papatipu. Ko tōna hanganga noa e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 1. Kei roto ko te pūwero mahi, he wāhi momi, he rūma whakaranu, he korokoro me te kaiwhakawhiti. He kaihanga korehau. Ko te wāhanga matua o te taputapu he huānga korehau hou, whai hua, ma, me te ohanga e whakamahi ana i te puna wai pēhanga pai hei whakaputa pēhanga kino. Ko te tukanga mahi o te whiwhi korehau koia tēnei:
01 、Ko te wāhanga mai i te pūwāhi 1 ki te pūwāhi 3 ko te wāhanga whakaterenga o te wai hihiri i roto i te pūwero mahi. Ka tomo te wai nekehanga pēhanga teitei ki te pūwero mahi o te venturi i te tere iti iho i te tomokanga pūwero mahi (wāhanga pūwāhi 1). Ina rere ana i roto i te wāhanga whakarara o te pūwero mahi (wāhanga 1 ki te wāhanga 2), ka taea te mōhio mai i te miihini wai, mō te whārite haere tonu o te wai kore e taea te pēhi [2], ko te rere wai hihiri Q1 o te wāhanga 1 me te kaha hihiri o te wāhanga 2. Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tere rere Q2 o te wai ko Q1=Q2，
Kirikete A1v1= A2v2
I roto i te tātai, A1, A2 - te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te pūwāhi 1 me te pūwāhi 2 (m2);
v1, v2 — te tere wai e rere ana i roto i te wāhanga pūwāhi 1 me te wāhanga pūwāhi 2, m/s.
Ka kitea mai i te tātai i runga ake nei, ka piki ake te tere o te rere, ka heke iho; ka heke iho te tere o te rere.
Mō ngā paipa whakapae, e ai ki te whārite a Bernoulli mō ngā wai kore e taea te pēhi
P1+（1/2）*ρv12=P2+(1/2)ρv22
I roto i te tātai, P1, P2 - te pēhanga e rite ana i te wāhanga whakawhiti o te pūwāhi 1 me te pūwāhi 2 (Pa)
v1, v2 — te tere wai (m/s) e rere ana i roto i te wāhanga i te pūwāhi 1 me te pūwāhi 2
ρ — te mātotoru o te wai (kg/m³)
Ka kitea mai i te tātai i runga ake nei ko te tere rere o te wai hihiri ka piki haere tonu, ā, ka heke haere tonu te pēhanga mai i te wāhanga pūwāhi 1 ki te wāhanga pūwāhi 2. Ina nui ake a v2 i a v1, ka nui ake a P1 i a P2, ina piki ake a v2 ki tētahi uara (ka taea te eke ki te tere o te oro), ka iti iho a P2 i te kotahi te pēhanga hauhautanga, arā, ka puta he pēhanga kino i te wāhanga i te pūwāhi 3.
Ina uru te wai nekehanga ki te wāhanga whānui o te pūwero mahi, arā, te wāhanga mai i te pūwāhi 2 ki te wāhanga i te pūwāhi 3, ka piki tonu te tere o te wai nekehanga, ā, ka heke tonu te pēhanga. Ina tae te wai hihiri ki te wāhanga putanga o te pūwero mahi (wāhanga i te pūwāhi 3), ka eke te tere o te wai hihiri ki te mōrahi, ā, ka taea te eke ki te tere tere tere. I tēnei wā, ka eke te pēhanga i te wāhanga i te pūwāhi 3 ki te iti rawa, arā, ka eke te tohu korehau ki te mōrahi, ka taea te eke ki te 90Kpa.
02. Ko te wāhanga mai i te pūwāhi 3 ki te pūwāhi 5 ko te wāhanga whakaranu o te wai nekehanga me te wai papu.
Ko te wai tere-rahi i hangaia e te wai hihiri i te wāhanga putanga o te pūwero mahi (wāhanga i te pūwāhi 3) ka hanga i tētahi wāhi korehau e tata ana ki te putanga o te pūwero mahi, kia momihia ai te wai i momihia tata ki te pēhanga teitei i raro i te mahi a te rerekētanga pēhanga ki roto i te rūma whakaranu. Ka momihia te wai i papuhia ki roto i te rūma whakaranu i te wāhanga pūwāhi 9. I te wā e rere ana mai i te wāhanga pūwāhi 9 ki te wāhanga pūwāhi 5, ka piki haere tonu te tere o te wai i papuhia, ā, ka heke tonu te pēhanga ki te mana i te wā e rere ana mai i te wāhanga pūwāhi 9 ki te wāhanga pūwāhi 3. Ko te pēhanga o te wai i te wāhanga putanga o te pūwero mahi (pūwāhi 3).
I roto i te wāhanga rūma whakaranu me te wāhanga o mua o te korokoro (wāhanga mai i te pūwāhi 3 ki te pūwāhi 6), ka tīmata te whakaranu o te wai nekehanga me te wai hei papu, ka whakawhitiwhiti te nekehanga me te pūngao, ā, ka whakawhitia te pūngao nekeneke i hurihia mai i te pūngao pūmanawa pēhanga o te wai nekehanga ki te wai pupuhi. wai, kia heke haere te tere o te wai hihiri, kia piki haere te tere o te tinana i ngotehia, ā, kia heke haere ngā tere e rua, kia tata atu. Hei whakamutunga, i te wāhanga pūwāhi 4, ka eke ngā tere e rua ki te tere kotahi, ā, ka tukuna te korokoro me te horapa o te venturi.
三:Ko te hanganga me te kaupapa mahi o te rōpū papu whakapūmau-whaiaro e whakamahi ana i te rere o te hau putanga mai i te miihini tīhiera hei whiwhi i te korehau
Ko te hau putanga o te miihini tīhiera e pā ana ki te hau putanga e tukuna ana e te miihini tīhiera i muri i te tahu hinu tīhiera. Nō te hau putanga tēnei, engari he nui te wera me te pēhanga o tēnei hau putanga. Whai muri i te whakamātautau a ngā tari rangahau e tika ana, ka taea e te pēhanga o te hau putanga e tukuna ana mai i te miihini tīhiera kua whakauruhia ki te turbocharger [3] te eke ki te 0.2MPa. Mai i te tirohanga o te whakamahinga whai hua o te pūngao, te tiaki taiao me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere, kua noho hei kaupapa rangahau te whakamahi i te hau putanga e tukuna ana mai i te mahi a te miihini tīhiera. Ka whakamahia e te turbocharger [3] te hau putanga e tukuna ana mai i te mahi a te miihini tīhiera. Hei wāhanga whakahaere mana, ka whakamahia hei whakanui ake i te pēhanga o te hau e tomo ana ki te rango o te miihini tīhiera, kia taea ai te tahu pai ake i te miihini tīhiera, kia pai ake ai te mahi mana o te miihini tīhiera, kia pai ake ai te mana motuhake, kia pai ake ai te penapena wahie me te whakaiti i te haruru. Ko te mea e whai ake nei he momo whakamahinga o te hau putanga i tukuna mai i te mahi a te miihini tīhiera hei wai hiko, ka mimitihia te hau i roto i te rūma papu o te papu whakatere me te paipa whakauru wai o te papu whakatere mā te ngongo venturi, ā, ka puta te korehau i roto i te rūma papu o te papu whakatere me te paipa whakauru wai o te papu whakatere. I raro i te mahi a te pēhanga hau, ka tomo te wai i raro iho i te pūtake wai o te tomokanga o te papu whakatere ki te paipa whakauru o te papu whakatere me te kōhao papu o te papu whakatere, ā, ka whakakīia te paipa whakauru me te kōhao papu o te papu whakatere, ā, ka tīmata te papu whakatere kia whiwhi ai i te tuku wai noa. Ko tōna hanganga e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2, ā, ko te tukanga whakahaere e whai ake nei:
E ai ki te Pikitia 2, ka honoa te putanga wai o te papu pūwero ki te paipa kua rumakina ki roto i te puna wai i raro i te putanga papu wai, ā, ka honoa te putanga wai ki te takirere putanga papu wai me te paipa. I mua i te whakahaerenga o te miihini tīhiera, ka kati te takirere putanga wai o te papu pūwero, ka whakatuwheratia te takirere kuaha (6), ā, ka wehea te papu pūwero mai i te miihini tīhiera mā te mamau. I muri i te tīmatanga o te miihini tīhiera me te whakahaere tika, ka kati te takirere kuaha (2), ā, ka uru te hau putanga mai i te miihini tīhiera ki te paipa venturi mā te paipa putanga (4) mai i te pūwero, ā, ka tukuna mai i te paipa putanga (11). I roto i tēnei tukanga, e ai ki te kaupapa o te ngongo venturi, ka uru te hau i roto i te rūma papu o te papu pūwero ki te ngongo venturi mā te takirere kuaha me te paipa putanga, ā, ka konatunatua ki te hau putanga mai i te miihini tīhiera, kātahi ka tukuna mai i te paipa putanga. Mā tēnei ara, ka hangaia he korehau i roto i te kōhao papu o te papu whakatere me te paipa whakauru wai o te papu whakatere, ā, ka uru te wai i roto i te puna wai i raro iho i te tomokanga wai o te papu whakatere ki te kōhao papu o te papu whakatere mā te paipa whakauru wai o te papu whakatere i raro i te mahi a te pēhanga hau. Ina whakakīia te kōhao papu o te papu whakatere me te paipa whakauru wai ki te wai, katia te takirere kuaha (6), whakatuwheratia te takirere kuaha (2), honoa te papu whakatere ki te miihini tīhi mā te mamau, ka whakatuwheratia te takirere putanga wai o te papu whakatere, kia tīmata ai te huinga papu miihini tīhi ki te mahi noa. te tuku wai. Whai muri i te whakamātautau, ka taea e te huinga papu miihini tīhi te mimiti i te wai 2 mita i raro i te paipa whakauru o te papu whakatere ki roto i te kōhao papu o te papu whakatere.
Ko te rōpū papu whakapūmau-whaiaro o te miihini tīhiera kua whakahuatia ake nei e whakamahi ana i te rere o te hau putanga mai i te miihini tīhiera hei whiwhi i te korehau he āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
1. Te whakaoti rapanga i te kaha whaiaro-whakatinana o te huinga papu miihini diesel;
2. He iti te rahi o te ngongo Venturi, he māmā te taumaha, he kiato hoki te hanganga, ā, he iti ake te utu i ērā o ngā pūnaha papu korehau noa. Nō reira, ka penapenahia e te huinga papu miihini tīhiera o tēnei hanganga te wāhi e nohoia ana e ngā taputapu me te utu tāutanga, ā, ka whakaitihia te utu hangarau.
3. Mā te huinga papu miihini tīhi o tēnei hanganga ka whānui ake te whakamahinga o te huinga papu miihini tīhi, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whānuitanga whakamahinga o te huinga papu miihini tīhi;
4. He ngāwari te whakahaere i te ngongo Venturi, ā, he ngāwari hoki te tiaki. Kāore e hiahiatia he kaimahi wā-katoa hei whakahaere. Nā te mea kāore he wāhanga tuku miihini, he iti te haruru, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he hinu whakahinuhinu.
5. He māmā te hanganga o te ngongo Venturi, ā, he roa te ora mahi.
Ko te take e taea ai e te huinga papu miihini tīhi o tēnei hanganga te mimiti i te wai i raro iho i te tomokanga wai o te papu toriti, me te whakamahi katoa i te hau putanga mai i te mahi a te miihini tīhi kia rere mā roto i te ngongo Venturi matua i te tere teitei, koia te take kāore i te whai mahi whakapūmau-ake te huinga papu miihini tīhi i te tīmatanga. Me te mahi whakapūmau-ake.
Whakaahua: Whakapai ake i te teitei mimiti wai o te huinga papu miihini tīhiera
Ko te huinga papu whakapūmau-ake o te miihini tīhi kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei he mahi whakapūmau-ake mā te whakamahi i te hau putanga mai i te miihini tīhi hei rere mā roto i te ngongo Venturi hei whiwhi i te korehau. Heoi, ko te wai hiko i roto i te huinga papu miihini tīhi me tēnei hanganga ko te hau putanga e tukuna ana e te miihini tīhi, ā, he iti te pēhanga, nō reira, he iti hoki te korehau e puta mai ana, e whakawhāiti ana i te teitei mimiti wai o te papu tohanga, ā, e whakawhāiti ana hoki i te whānuitanga whakamahinga o te huinga papu. Mena ka whakanuia te teitei momi o te papu tohanga, me whakanui ake te tohu korehau o te rohe momi o te ngongo Venturi. E ai ki te mātāpono mahi o te ngongo Venturi, hei whakapai ake i te tohu korehau o te rohe momi o te ngongo Venturi, me hoahoa te pūwero mahi o te ngongo Venturi. Ka taea te huri hei momo pūwero oro, hei momo pūwero supersonic rānei, ā, ka whakanui ake hoki i te pēhanga taketake o te wai hihiri e rere ana i roto i te venturi.
Hei whakanui ake i te pēhanga taketake o te wai Venturi e rere ana i roto i te huinga papu miihini tīhiera, ka taea te tāuta i tētahi turbocharger ki roto i te paipa putanga o te miihini tīhiera [3]. Ko te Turbocharger [3] he taputapu pēhanga hau, e whakamahi ana i te nekehanga inertial o te hau putanga e tukuna ana mai i te miihini hei pana i te tāpine i roto i te rūma tāpine, ka peia e te tāpine te impeller coaxial, ā, ka pēhia e te impeller te hau. Ko tōna hanganga me te kaupapa mahi e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3. . E toru ngā momo o te turbocharger: te pēhanga teitei, te pēhanga waenga me te pēhanga iti. Ko ngā pēhanga hau kōpeke putanga ko: ko te pēhanga teitei he nui ake i te 0.3MPa, ko te pēhanga waenga he 0.1-0.3MPa, ko te pēhanga iti he iti iho i te 0.1MPa, ā, he pumau te pēhanga hau kōpeke e puta mai ana i te turbocharger. Mena ka whakamahia te hau kōpeke e tomo mai ana i te turbocharger hei wai mana Venturi, ka taea te whiwhi i tētahi taumata teitei ake o te korehau, arā, ka piki ake te teitei mimiti wai o te huinga papu miihini tīhiera.
五: whakatau:Ko te rōpū papu whakapūmau-ake o te miihini tīhiera e whakamahi ana i te rere o te hau putanga mai i te miihini tīhiera hei tiki i te korehau, ka whakamahi katoa i te rere tere o te hau putanga, te ngongo venturi me te hangarau turbocharging i hangaia i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te miihini tīhiera hei tango i te hau i roto i te kōhao papu me te paipa whakauru wai o te papu tohanga. Ka hangaia he korehau, ā, ka momihia te wai i raro iho i te pūtake wai o te papu tohanga ki roto i te paipa whakauru wai me te kōhao papu o te papu tohanga, kia whai pānga whakapūmau-ake te rōpū papu miihini tīhiera. Ko ngā painga o te huinga papu miihini tīhiera o tēnei hanganga he hanganga māmā, he mahi watea me te utu iti, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whānuitanga whakamahinga o te huinga papu miihini tīhiera.
Wā tuku: 17 o Ākuhata-2022