Isifinyezo: Leli phepha lethula iyunithi yephampu yenjini yedizili eyazibeka ngokwayo esebenzisa ukugeleza kwegesi yokukhipha umoya kusuka enjinini yedizili ukuthola i-vacuum, okuhlanganisa iphampu ye-centrifugal, injini yedizili, i-clutch, i-venturi tube, i-muffler, iphayiphi yokukhipha umoya, njll. Umgodi wokukhipha wenjini yedizili wakhiwe yi-clutch kanye ne-coupling. I-muffler ixhunywe nomgodi wokufaka wephampu ye-centrifugal, futhi i-valve yesango ifakiwe echwebeni lokukhipha umoya le-muffler yenjini yedizili; iphayiphi yokukhipha umoya ihlelwe eceleni kwe-muffler, futhi iphayiphi yokukhipha umoya ixhunywe ekungeneni komoya kwephayiphi ye-venturi, kanye nohlangothi lwephayiphi ye-venturi. I-interface yomgwaqo ixhunywe nechwebeni lokukhipha umoya lephayiphi ye-centrifugal, i-valve yesango kanye ne-valve yendlela eyodwa ye-vacuum kufakwa ephayiphini, futhi iphayiphi yokukhipha umoya ixhunywe echwebeni lokukhipha umoya lephayiphi ye-venturi. Igesi yokukhipha umoya ephuma enjinini kadizili ikhishwa iye epayipini le-venturi, bese kuthi igesi esekamelweni lephampu lephampu ye-centrifugal kanye nepayipi lokungena kwamanzi lephampu ye-centrifugal ipompelwe ngaphandle ukuze kwakheke i-vacuum, ukuze amanzi angaphansi kokungena kwamanzi kwephampu ye-centrifugal amuncwe ekamelweni lephampu ukuze kufezwe ukugeleza okuvamile.
Iyunithi yephampu yenjini kadizili iyiyunithi yephampu yokuphakelwa kwamanzi eqhutshwa yinjini kadizili, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhipheni amanzi, ekuniseleni kwezolimo, ekuvikeleni umlilo nasekudluliseleni amanzi okwesikhashana. Amaphampu enjini kadizili avame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho amanzi edonswa khona ngaphansi kokungena kwamanzi kwephampu yamanzi. Njengamanje, izindlela ezilandelayo zivame ukusetshenziswa ekupompeni amanzi kulesi simo:
01、 Faka ivalvu engezansi ekugcineni kwepayipi lokungena lepompo yamanzi echibini lokumunca: ngaphambi kokuba isethi yepompo yenjini kadizili iqalwe, gcwalisa umgodi wepompo yamanzi ngamanzi. Ngemva kokuba umoya egumbini lepompo kanye nepayipi lokungena kwamanzi lepompo yamanzi selikhishwe, qala isethi yepompo yenjini kadizili ukuze uthole ukuphakelwa kwamanzi okuvamile. Njengoba ivalvu engezansi ifakwe phansi kwechibi, uma ivalvu engezansi yehluleka, ukulungiswa akulungile neze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusethini yepompo yenjini kadizili egeleza kakhulu, ngenxa yomgodi wepompo omkhulu kanye nobubanzi obukhulu bepayipi lokungena kwamanzi, kudingeka inani elikhulu lamanzi, kanti izinga lokuzenzakalela liphansi, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.
02、 Isethi yephampu yenjini yedizili ifakwe isethi yephampu yokuvasa injini yedizili: ngokuqala isethi yephampu yokuvasa injini yedizili, umoya osegumbini lokuphampa kanye nepayipi lokungena kwamanzi lephampu yamanzi kuyakhishwa, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqizwe i-vacuum, bese amanzi asemthonjeni wamanzi angena epayipini lokungena lephampu yamanzi kanye negumbi lokuphampa ngaphansi kwesenzo somfutho womoya. Ngaphakathi, qala kabusha isethi yephampu yenjini yedizili ukuze kufezwe ukuphakelwa kwamanzi okuvamile. Iphampu yokuvasa kule ndlela yokumunca amanzi nayo idinga ukuqhutshwa yinjini yedizili, futhi iphampu yokuvasa idinga ukufakelwa isihlukanisi samanzi anomusi, esingagcini nje ngokwandisa isikhala esihlala imishini, kodwa futhi sikhulisa izindleko zemishini.
03 、Iphampu yokuzibopha ngokwayo ifaniswa nenjini kadizili: iphampu yokuzibopha ngokwayo inokusebenza okuphansi kanye nomthamo omkhulu, kanti iphampu yokuzibopha ngokwayo inokuhamba okuncane kanye nokuphakama okuphansi, okungenakuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zemishini yesethi yephampu yenjini kadizili, nciphisa isikhala esithathwa yisethi yephampu, wandise ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwesethi yephampu yenjini kadizili, bese usebenzisa ngokugcwele igesi yokukhipha ekhiqizwa yinjini kadizili esebenza ngesivinini esikhulu ngethubhu yeVenturi [1], umgodi wephampu ye-centrifugal kanye nephampu ye-centrifugal kungena. Igesi epayipini lamanzi ikhishwa ngokusebenzisa isikhombikubona sokumunca sethubhu ye-venturi exhunywe echwebeni lokukhipha legumbi lephampu ye-centrifugal, bese kukhiqizwa i-vacuum ekamelweni lephampu ye-centrifugal kanye nephampu yokungenisa amanzi yephampu ye-centrifugal, futhi amanzi emthonjeni wamanzi angaphansi kokungena kwamanzi kwephampu ye-centrifugal angaphansi kwesenzo somfutho womoya, ingena epayipini lokungenisa amanzi lephampu yamanzi kanye nomgodi wephampu ye-centrifugal, ngaleyo ndlela igcwalise ipayipi lokungenisa amanzi lephampu ye-centrifugal kanye nomgodi wephampu ye-centrifugal, bese iqala i-clutch ukuxhuma injini kadizili nephampu ye-centrifugal, bese iphampu ye-centrifugal iqala ukufeza amanzi ajwayelekile. ukuhlinzekwa.
Lokhu: isimiso sokusebenza se-Venturi tube
I-Venturi iyithuluzi lokuthola i-vacuum elisebenzisa uketshezi ukudlulisa amandla nobunzima. Isakhiwo sayo esivamile siboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Iqukethe i-nozzle esebenzayo, indawo yokumunca, igumbi lokuxuba, umphimbo kanye ne-diffuser. Ingumkhiqizi we-vacuum. Ingxenye eyinhloko yedivayisi iyisici esisha, esisebenzayo, esihlanzekile nesingabizi se-vacuum esisebenzisa umthombo woketshezi wokucindezela omuhle ukukhiqiza umfutho ongemuhle. Inqubo yokusebenza yokuthola i-vacuum imi kanje:
01 、Isigaba kusukela ephuzwini 1 kuya ephuzwini 3 yisigaba sokusheshisa koketshezi olushintshayo ku-nozzle esebenzayo. Uketshezi olushukumisayo oluphezulu lungena ku-nozzle yokusebenza ye-venturi ngesivinini esiphansi ku-nozzle engenayo yokusebenza (isigaba sephuzwi 1). Uma lugeleza engxenyeni enciphile ye-nozzle yokusebenza (isigaba 1 kuya kusigaba 2), kungaziwa ngobuchwepheshe boketshezi ukuthi, ngesibalo sokuqhubeka koketshezi olungacindezeleki [2], ukugeleza koketshezi olushintshayo Q1 kwesigaba 1 kanye namandla ashukumisayo esigaba 2 Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso sokugeleza Q2 koketshezi yi-Q1=Q2，
Isayensi A1v1= A2v2
Kufomula, i-A1, i-A2 - indawo enqamulayo yephuzu 1 nephuzu 2 (m2);
v1, v2 — ijubane loketshezi eligeleza esigabeni sephuzu 1 kanye nesigaba sephuzu 2, m/s.
Kungabonakala kule fomula engenhla ukuthi ukwanda kwesigaba esiphambeneyo, ijubane lokugeleza liyancipha; ukwehla kwesigaba esiphambeneyo, ijubane lokugeleza liyanda.
Kumapayipi avundlile, ngokusho kwesibalo sikaBernoulli sama-fluid angacindezelwa
P1+（1/2）*ρv12=P2+(1/2)ρv22
Kufomula, i-P1, i-P2 - ingcindezi ehambisanayo esigabeni sephuzu 1 nephuzu 2 (Pa)
v1, v2 — ijubane loketshezi (m/s) eligeleza esigabeni endaweni 1 kanye nephuzu 2
ρ — ukuminyana koketshezi (kg/m³)
Kungabonakala kule fomula engenhla ukuthi ijubane lokugeleza koketshezi oluguquguqukayo liyanda njalo futhi ingcindezi iyancipha njalo kusukela esigabeni sephuzu 1 kuya esigabeni sephuzu 2. Uma i-v2>v1, i-P1>P2, lapho i-v2 ikhuphuka iye enanini elithile (ingafinyelela isivinini somsindo), i-P2 izoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi eyodwa yomoya, okungukuthi, ingcindezi engemihle izokhiqizwa esigabeni sephuzu 3.
Uma uketshezi lwe-motivation lungena esigabeni sokunwebeka kwe-nozzle esebenzayo, okungukuthi, isigaba esivela ephuzwini lesi-2 kuya esigabeni esisephuzwini lesi-3, ijubane loketshezi lwe-motivation liyaqhubeka nokwenyuka, futhi ingcindezi iyaqhubeka nokwehla. Lapho uketshezi olushintshayo lufika esigabeni sokuphuma kwe-nozzle esebenzayo (isigaba esisephuzwini lesi-3), ijubane loketshezi olushintshayo lifinyelela esiphezulu futhi lingafinyelela isivinini se-supersonic. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingcindezi esigabeni esisephuzwini lesi-3 ifinyelela okungenani, okungukuthi, izinga le-vacuum lifinyelela esiphezulu, esingafinyelela ku-90Kpa.
02., Isigaba kusukela ephuzwini lesi-3 kuya ephuzwini lesi-5 yisigaba sokuxubana koketshezi olushukumisayo kanye noketshezi olupompiwe.
Uketshezi olusheshayo olwakhiwe uketshezi oluguquguqukayo engxenyeni yokukhipha yomlomo osebenzayo (isigaba endaweni 3) luzokwakha indawo yokuhlanza eduze kwendawo yokukhipha yomlomo osebenzayo, ukuze uketshezi olumuncwayo eduze kwengcindezi ephezulu lumuncwe ngaphansi kwesenzo somehluko wokucindezela. Uketshezi olumpompiwe lumuncwa ekamelweni lokuxuba engxenyeni yephuzu 9. Ngesikhathi sokugeleza kusuka esigabeni sephuzu 9 kuya esigabeni sephuzu 5, ijubane loketshezi olumpompiwe liyanda njalo, futhi ingcindezi iyaqhubeka nokwehla iye emandleni ngesikhathi sesigaba kusuka esigabeni sephuzu 9 kuya esigabeni sephuzu 3. Ingcindezi yoketshezi engxenyeni yokukhipha yomlomo osebenzayo (iphuzu 3).
Esigabeni segumbi lokuxuba kanye nengxenye engaphambili yomphimbo (isigaba kusukela ephuzwini lesi-3 kuya ephuzwini lesi-6), uketshezi lwe-motion kanye noketshezi oluzopompa luqala ukuxubana, futhi umfutho kanye namandla kuyashintshaniswa, futhi amandla e-kinetic aguqulwa kusuka kumandla angase abe khona okucindezela uketshezi lwe-motion adluliselwa kuketshezi olupompayo. Ukuze ijubane loketshezi oluguquguqukayo lehle kancane kancane, ijubane lomzimba odonswayo likhuphuke kancane kancane, futhi ijubane elibili liyehla kancane kancane futhi lisondele. Ekugcineni, esigabeni sephuzwi lesi-4, ijubane elibili lifinyelela ijubane elifanayo, futhi umphimbo kanye ne-diffuser ye-venturi kuyakhishwa.
三:Ukwakheka kanye nomgomo wokusebenza weqembu lephampu elizilungiselela lona elisebenzisa ukugeleza kwegesi yokukhipha umoya kusuka enjinini yedizili ukuthola i-vacuum
Ukukhishwa kwegesi yenjini yedizili kubhekisela kugesi yokukhipha ekhishwa yinjini yedizili ngemva kokushisa uwoyela wedizili. Kungokwegesi yokukhipha, kodwa le gesi yokukhipha inokushisa nokucindezela okuthile. Ngemva kokuhlolwa yiminyango efanele yocwaningo, ingcindezi yegesi yokukhipha ekhishwa enjini yedizili efakwe i-turbocharger [3] Ingafinyelela ku-0.2MPa. Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, sekuyinto yocwaningo ukusebenzisa igesi yokukhipha ekhishwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini yedizili. I-turbocharger [3] isebenzisa igesi yokukhipha ekhishwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini yedizili. Njengengxenye esebenza ngamandla, isetshenziselwa ukwandisa ingcindezi yomoya engena kwisilinda senjini yedizili, ukuze injini yedizili ishiswe ngokugcwele, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwamandla enjini yedizili, kuthuthukiswe amandla athile, kuthuthukiswe ukonga kukaphethiloli futhi kuncishiswe umsindo. Okulandelayo uhlobo lokusetshenziswa kwegesi yokukhipha umoya ekhishwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini kadizili njengoketshezi lwamandla, kanti igesi ekamelweni lokupompa lephampu ye-centrifugal kanye nephayiphi lokungena kwamanzi lephampu ye-centrifugal idonswa ngepayipi le-venturi, bese i-vacuum ikhiqizwa ekamelweni lokupompa lephampu ye-centrifugal kanye nephayiphi lokungena kwamanzi lephampu ye-centrifugal. Ngaphansi kwesenzo somfutho womoya, amanzi angaphansi komthombo wamanzi wephampu ye-centrifugal angena ephayiphini lokungena lephampu ye-centrifugal kanye nomgodi wephampu ye-centrifugal, ngaleyo ndlela agcwalise iphayiphi lokungena kanye nomgodi wephampu yephampu ye-centrifugal, bese eqala iphampu ye-centrifugal ukuze athole ukuphakelwa kwamanzi okuvamile. Isakhiwo sayo siboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, futhi inqubo yokusebenza imi kanje:
Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, ukungena kwamanzi kwephampu ye-centrifugal kuxhunywe epayipini elicwiliswe echibini elingaphansi kwendawo yokuphuma kwephampu yamanzi, kanti indawo yokuphuma kwamanzi ixhunywe ku-valve yokuphuma kwephampu yamanzi kanye nephayiphi. Ngaphambi kokuba injini yedizili isebenze, i-valve yokuphuma kwamanzi yephampu ye-centrifugal ivaliwe, i-valve yesango (6) iyavulwa, bese iphampu ye-centrifugal ihlukaniswa nenjini yedizili nge-clutch. Ngemva kokuba injini yedizili iqalile futhi isebenza ngendlela evamile, i-valve yesango (2) iyavalwa, bese igesi yokukhipha ephuma enjinini yedizili ingena epayipini ye-venturi ngephayiphi yokuphuma (4) esuka ku-muffler, bese ikhishwa epayipini yokuphuma (11). Kule nqubo, ngokwesimiso sephampu ye-venturi, igesi ekamelweni lokupompa lephampu ye-centrifugal ingena epayipini ye-venturi ngephayiphi yesango kanye nephayiphi yokuphuma, bese ixutshwa negesi yokukhipha ephuma enjinini yedizili bese ikhishwa epayipini yokuphuma. Ngale ndlela, kwakheka i-vacuum emgodini wepompo ye-centrifugal kanye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal, futhi amanzi emthonjeni wamanzi angaphansi kokungena kwamanzi kwepompo ye-centrifugal angena emgodini wepompo ye-centrifugal ngepayipi lokungena kwamanzi lepompo ye-centrifugal ngaphansi kwesenzo somfutho womoya. Lapho umgoqo wepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal kanye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi kugcwele amanzi, vala ivalvu yesango (6), vula ivalvu yesango (2), xhuma ipompo ye-centrifugal nenjini yedizili nge-clutch, bese uvula ivalvu yokuphuma kwamanzi yepompo ye-centrifugal, ukuze isethi yepompo yenjini yedizili iqale ukusebenza kahle. Ngemuva kokuhlola, isethi yepompo yenjini yedizili ingamunca amanzi amamitha ama-2 ngaphansi komgoqo wokungena wepompo ye-centrifugal emgodini wepompo ye-centrifugal.
Iqembu lephampu elizilungiselela lona elishiwo ngenhla elisebenzisa ukugeleza kwegesi yokukhipha umoya elivela enjinini yedizili ukuthola i-vacuum linezici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuxazulula ngempumelelo amandla okuzilungiselela wesethi yephampu yenjini kadizili;
2. Ishubhu le-Venturi lincane ngobukhulu, lilula ngesisindo futhi lincane ngesakhiwo, futhi izindleko zalo ziphansi kunezinhlelo ezivamile zephampu ye-vacuum. Ngakho-ke, isethi yephampu yenjini kadizili yalesi sakhiwo isindisa isikhala esithathwa yimishini kanye nezindleko zokufaka, futhi inciphisa izindleko zobunjiniyela.
3. Isethi yephampu yenjini kadizili yalesi sakhiwo yenza ukusetshenziswa kwesethi yephampu yenjini kadizili kube kukhulu kakhulu futhi kuthuthukisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwesethi yephampu yenjini kadizili;
4. Ishubhu leVenturi kulula ukulisebenzisa futhi kulula ukulinakekela. Alidingi abasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele ukuliphatha. Njengoba kungekho ngxenye yokudlulisela ngomshini, umsindo uphansi futhi akukho mafutha okugcoba okudingeka asetshenziswe.
5. Ishubhu leVenturi linesakhiwo esilula kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo.
Isizathu sokuthi isethi yephampu yenjini kadizili yalesi sakhiwo ingamunca amanzi angaphansi kokungena kwamanzi kwephampu ye-centrifugal, futhi isebenzise ngokugcwele igesi yokukhipha ekhishwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini kadizili ukuze igeleze ngepayipi eliyinhloko le-Venturi ngesivinini esikhulu, yenza isethi yephampu yenjini kadizili engenawo umsebenzi wokuzilungiselela ekuqaleni. Ngomsebenzi wokuzilungiselela.
Usayizi: Thuthukisa ukuphakama kokumuncwa kwamanzi kwesethi yephampu yenjini kadizili
Isethi yephampu yokuzilungiselela yenjini yedizili echazwe ngenhla inomsebenzi wokuzilungiselela ngokusebenzisa igesi yokukhipha ephuma enjini yedizili ukuze igeleze ngepayipi leVenturi ukuze ithole i-vacuum. Kodwa-ke, uketshezi lwamandla olusethini yephampu yenjini yedizili olunalesi sakhiwo yigesi yokukhipha ephuma enjini yedizili, futhi ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, i-vacuum ephumayo nayo iphansi kakhulu, ekhawulela ukuphakama kokumuncwa kwamanzi kwephampu ye-centrifugal futhi ikhawulele nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwesethi yephampu. Uma ukuphakama kokumuncwa kwephampu ye-centrifugal kuzokhushulwa, izinga lokumuncwa kwendawo yokumuncwa yephampu yeVenturi kumele likhushulwe. Ngokusho komgomo wokusebenza wephampu yeVenturi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokumuncwa kwendawo yokumuncwa yephampu yeVenturi, i-nozzle yokusebenza yephampu yeVenturi kumele yakhiwe. Ingaba uhlobo lwe-nozzle ye-sonic, noma uhlobo lwe-nozzle ye-supersonic, futhi ikhuphule ingcindezi yokuqala yoketshezi oluguquguqukayo olugeleza nge-venturi.
Ukuze kwandiswe ingcindezi yokuqala yoketshezi lwe-Venturi oluhambayo kusethi yephampu yenjini yedizili, i-turbocharger ingafakwa epayipini lokukhipha umoya lenjini yedizili [3]. I-Turbocharger [3] iyidivayisi yokucindezela umoya, esebenzisa i-inertial impulse yegesi yokukhipha ephuma enjinini ukuze icindezele i-turbine ekamelweni le-turbine, i-turbine ishayela i-coaxial impeller, bese i-impeller icindezela umoya. Isakhiwo sayo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. . I-turbocharger ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ingcindezi ephezulu, ingcindezi ephakathi kanye nengcindezi ephansi. Ingcindezi yegesi ecindezelwe ephumayo yile: ingcindezi ephezulu inkulu kune-0.3MPa, ingcindezi ephakathi ingu-0.1-0.3MPa, ingcindezi ephansi ingaphansi kwe-0.1MPa, kanti igesi ecindezelwe ephumayo yi-turbocharger ingcindezi izinzile. Uma ukufakwa kwegesi ecindezelwe yi-turbocharger kusetshenziswa njengoketshezi lwamandla e-Venturi, izinga eliphezulu le-vacuum lingatholakala, okungukuthi, ukuphakama kokumuncwa kwamanzi kwesethi yephampu yenjini yedizili kuyakhuphuka.
五: iziphetho:Iqembu lephampu elizihlomisayo lenjini kadizili elisebenzisa ukugeleza kwegesi yokukhipha umoya elivela enjinini kadizili ukuthola i-vacuum lisebenzisa ngokugcwele ukugeleza kwegesi yokukhipha umoya ngesivinini esikhulu, ithubhu le-venturi kanye nobuchwepheshe be-turbocharging obukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini kadizili ukukhipha igesi emgodini wephampu kanye nephampu yokungenisa amanzi yephampu ye-centrifugal. Kukhiqizwa i-vacuum, bese amanzi angaphansi komthombo wamanzi wephampu ye-centrifugal amuncwa ephampu yokungenisa amanzi kanye nephampu yephampu ye-centrifugal, ukuze iqembu lephampu yenjini kadizili libe nomphumela wokuzihlomisa. Isethi yephampu yenjini kadizili yalesi sakhiwo inezinzuzo zesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi, futhi ithuthukisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwesethi yephampu yenjini kadizili.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-17-2022