Isishwankathelo: Eli phepha lizisa iyunithi yepompo yokuzilungiselela yenjini yedizili esebenzisa ukuhamba kwegesi yokukhupha umoya kwinjini yedizili ukufumana i-vacuum, kubandakanya ipompo ye-centrifugal, injini yedizili, i-clutch, ityhubhu ye-venturi, i-muffler, ipayipi yokukhupha umoya, njl. Umngxuma wokuphuma wenjini yedizili wenziwe yi-clutch kunye ne-coupling. I-muffler iqhagamshelwe ne-input shaft yepompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye i-gate valve ifakwe kwi-exhaust port ye-muffler yenjini yedizili; umbhobho wokukhupha umoya ucwangciswe ecaleni kwe-muffler, kwaye umbhobho wokukhupha umoya uqhagamshelwe kwi-inlet yomoya yepayipi ye-venturi, kwaye icala lombhobho we-venturi. Ujongano lwendlela luqhagamshelwe kwi-exhaust port yegumbi lepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal, i-gate valve kunye ne-vacuum one-way valve zifakwe kwipayipi, kwaye umbhobho wokukhupha umoya uqhagamshelwe kwi-exhaust port yepayipi ye-venturi. Igesi yokukhupha umoya ekhutshwa kwinjini yedizili ikhutshwa kwityhubhu ye-venturi, kwaye igesi ekwigumbi lepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal ikhutshwa ukuze yenze i-vacuum, ukuze amanzi angaphantsi kokungena kwamanzi kwepompo ye-centrifugal afunxwe kwigumbi lepompo ukuze kuphume amanzi aqhelekileyo.
Iyunithi yempompo yenjini yedizili yiyunithi yempompo yokuhambisa amanzi eqhutywa yinjini yedizili, esetyenziswa kakhulu ekutsaleni amanzi, ukunkcenkceshela kwezolimo, ukukhusela umlilo kunye nokudluliselwa kwamanzi okwethutyana. Iimpompo zenjini yedizili zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho amanzi atsalwa ngaphantsi kokungena kwamanzi kwimpompo yamanzi. Okwangoku, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zihlala zisetyenziswa ukupompa amanzi kule meko:
01, Faka ivalvu esezantsi ekupheleni kombhobho wokungena wepompo yamanzi echibini lokufunxa: ngaphambi kokuba iseti yepompo yenjini yedizili iqalwe, zalisa umngxuma wepompo yamanzi ngamanzi. Emva kokuba umoya kwigumbi lepompo kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wepompo yamanzi ukhutshiwe, qala iseti yepompo yenjini yedizili ukuze ufumane amanzi aqhelekileyo. Ekubeni ivalvu esezantsi ifakwe ezantsi echibini, ukuba ivalvu esezantsi iyasilela, ukugcinwa kwayo akulunganga. Ngaphezu koko, kwiseti yepompo yenjini yedizili enkulu, ngenxa yomngxuma omkhulu wepompo kunye nobubanzi obukhulu bombhobho wokungena kwamanzi, kufuneka amanzi amaninzi, kwaye inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo liphantsi, nto leyo engalunganga kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.
02, Iseti yempompo yenjini yedizili ixhotyiswe ngeseti yempompo yokufunxa i-vacuum yenjini yedizili: ngokuqala isethi yempompo yokufunxa i-vacuum yenjini yedizili, umoya kwigumbi lempompo kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wempompo yamanzi uyaphonswa ngaphandle, ngaloo ndlela kuveliswa i-vacuum, kwaye amanzi kumthombo wamanzi angena kumbhobho wokungena wempompo yamanzi kunye negumbi lempompo phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lomoya. Ngaphakathi, qalisa kwakhona iseti yempompo yenjini yedizili ukuze kufezekiswe unikezelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo. I-vacuum pump kule ndlela yokufunxa amanzi ikwafuneka iqhutywe yinjini yedizili, kwaye i-vacuum pump kufuneka ixhotyiswe nge-steam-water separator, engagcini nje ngokunyusa indawo ehlala izixhobo, kodwa ikwanyusa neendleko zezixhobo.
03 、Ipompo yokuzibophelela ngokwayo ifaniswe nenjini yedizili: ipompo yokuzibophelela ngokwayo ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye inomthamo omkhulu, kwaye ipompo yokuzibophelela ngokwayo inomjelo omncinci kunye nokuphakama okuphantsi, okungenakufikelela kwiimfuno zokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zezixhobo zeseti yepompo yenjini yedizili, nciphisa indawo ehlala iseti yepompo, wandise uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kweseti yepompo yenjini yedizili, kwaye usebenzise ngokupheleleyo igesi yokukhupha umoya eveliswa yinjini yedizili esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu ngetyhubhu yeVenturi [1], umngxuma wepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nepompo ye-centrifugal ziyangena. Igesi ekwipayipi yamanzi ikhutshwa ngojongano lokufunxa lwetyhubhu ye-venturi eqhagamshelwe kwizibuko lokukhupha umoya legumbi lepompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye kuveliswa i-vacuum kwigumbi lepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungenisa amanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye amanzi kumthombo wamanzi angaphantsi kunokungena kwamanzi kwepompo ye-centrifugal. Phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lomoya, ingena kumbhobho wokungenisa amanzi wepompo yamanzi kunye nomngxuma wepompo ye-centrifugal, ngaloo ndlela igcwalisa umbhobho wokungenisa amanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nomngxuma wepompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye emva koko iqalise i-clutch ukudibanisa injini yedizili kunye nepompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye ipompo ye-centrifugal iqala ukwenza amanzi aqhelekileyo. ukubonelela.
Eli lilandelayo: umgaqo wokusebenza wetyhubhu yeVenturi
IVenturi sisixhobo sokufumana i-vacuum esisebenzisa ulwelo ukuhambisa amandla kunye nobunzima. Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluqhelekileyo luboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Iqulathe umlomo osebenzayo, indawo yokufunxa, igumbi lokuxuba, umqala kunye ne-diffuser. Yijenereyitha ye-vacuum. Icandelo eliphambili lesixhobo sisixhobo esitsha, esisebenzayo, esicocekileyo nesingabizi kakhulu esisebenzisa umthombo wolwelo loxinzelelo oluhle ukuvelisa uxinzelelo olubi. Inkqubo yokusebenza yokufumana i-vacuum yile ilandelayo:
01 、Icandelo elivela kwinqaku loku-1 ukuya kwinqaku lesi-3 linqanaba lokukhawulezisa ulwelo olutshintshayo kwi-nozzle esebenzayo. Ulwelo oluphezulu olubangela uxinzelelo lungena kwi-nozzle yokusebenza ye-venturi ngesantya esiphantsi kwi-nozzle yokungena (icandelo loku-1). Xa luhamba kwicandelo elinciphileyo le-nozzle yokusebenza (icandelo loku-1 ukuya kwicandelo lesi-2), kungaziwa kwi-fluid mechanics ukuba, kwi-equation yokuqhubekeka kolwelo olungenakucinezelwa [2], i-dynamic fluid flow Q1 yecandelo loku-1 kunye namandla atshintshayo ecandelo lesi-2 Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesantya sokuhamba kwe-Q2 yolwelo yi-Q1=Q2，
I-Scilicet A1v1= A2v2
Kwifomyula, i-A1, i-A2 - indawo enqamlezileyo yenqaku 1 kunye nenqaku 2 (m2);
v1, v2 — isantya solwelo esihamba ngecandelo le-1 kunye necandelo le-2, m/s.
Kuyabonakala kule fomyula ingentla ukuba ukonyuka kwecandelo elinqamlezileyo, isantya sokuhamba siyancipha; ukuncitshiswa kwecandelo elinqamlezileyo, isantya sokuhamba siyanda.
Kwimibhobho ethe tye, ngokwe-equation kaBernoulli yee-incompressible fluids
P1+（1/2）*ρv12=P2+(1/2)ρv22
Kwifomyula, i-P1, i-P2 - uxinzelelo oluhambelanayo kwicandelo elinqamlezileyo lenqaku 1 kunye nenqaku 2 (Pa)
v1, v2 — isantya solwelo (m/s) esihamba ngecandelo kwindawo 1 nakwindawo 2
ρ — ubuninzi bolwelo (kg/m³)
Kuyabonakala kule fomyula ingentla ukuba isantya sokuhamba kolwelo olutshintshayo siyanda rhoqo kwaye uxinzelelo luyancipha ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kwicandelo le-1 ukuya kwicandelo le-2. Xa i-v2>v1, i-P1>P2, xa i-v2 inyuka ukuya kwixabiso elithile (inokufikelela kwisantya sesandi), i-P2 iya kuba ngaphantsi koxinzelelo olunye lomoya, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo olubi luya kuveliswa kwicandelo elikwinqanaba lesi-3.
Xa ulwelo lwentshukumo lungena kwicandelo lokwandisa lomlomo osebenzayo, oko kukuthi, icandelo ukusuka kwinqaku lesi-2 ukuya kwicandelo elikwinqaku lesi-3, isantya solwelo lwentshukumo siyaqhubeka nokunyuka, kwaye uxinzelelo luyaqhubeka nokwehla. Xa ulwelo olutshintshatshintshayo lufikelela kwicandelo lokuphuma lomlomo osebenzayo (icandelo elikwinqaku lesi-3), isantya solwelo olutshintshatshintshayo sifikelela kwiqondo eliphezulu kwaye sinokufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu. Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo kwicandelo elikwinqaku lesi-3 lufikelela kwiqondo elincinci, oko kukuthi, iqondo le-vacuum lifikelela kwiqondo eliphezulu, elinokufikelela kwi-90Kpa.
02., Icandelo eliqala kwinqaku lesi-3 ukuya kwelesi-5 linqanaba lokuxubana kolwelo olushukumisayo kunye nolwelo olumpompelweyo.
Ulwelo oluhamba ngesantya esiphezulu olwenziwe lulwelo olutshintshayo kwicandelo lokukhupha ulwelo olusebenzayo (icandelo elikwinqanaba lesi-3) luya kwenza indawo yokuphuma kufutshane nendawo yokukhupha ulwelo olusebenzayo, ukuze ulwelo olufunxwayo kufutshane noxinzelelo oluphezulu lufunxwe phantsi kwesenzo somahluko woxinzelelo. Ulwelo olufunxwayo lufunxwa kwigumbi lokuxuba kwindawo yenqanaba lesi-9. Ngexesha lokuhamba ukusuka kwicandelo lenqaku lesi-9 ukuya kwicandelo lenqaku lesi-5, isantya solwelo olufunxwayo siyanda rhoqo, kwaye uxinzelelo luyaqhubeka nokwehla luye kumandla ngexesha lecandelo ukusuka kwicandelo lenqaku lesi-9 ukuya kwicandelo lenqaku lesi-3. Uxinzelelo lolwelo kwicandelo lokukhupha ulwelo olusebenzayo (inqaku lesi-3).
Kwicandelo legumbi lokuxuba kunye necandelo elingaphambili lomqala (icandelo ukusuka kwinqaku lesi-3 ukuya kwinqaku lesi-6), ulwelo lwentshukumo kunye nolwelo oluza kupontshwa luqala ukuxubana, kwaye umfutho kunye namandla kuyatshintshwana, kwaye amandla e-kinetic aguqulwa ukusuka kumandla anokubakho oxinzelelo lolwelo lwentshukumo adluliselwa kwi-fluid epomped. ukuze isantya solwelo oluguquguqukayo siyehla kancinci kancinci, isantya somzimba ofunxwayo siyanda kancinci kancinci, kwaye isantya esibini siyehla kancinci kancinci kwaye sisondele. Ekugqibeleni, kwicandelo lenqaku lesi-4, isantya esibini sifikelela kwisantya esifanayo, kwaye umqala kunye ne-diffuser ye-venturi ziyakhutshwa.
三:Ukwakhiwa kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza weqela leempompo ezizilungiselelayo elisebenzisa ukuhamba kwegesi ephuma kwinjini yedizili ukuze lifumane i-vacuum
I-exhaust yenjini yedizili ibhekisa kwi-exhaust gas ekhutshwa yinjini yedizili emva kokutsha ioyile yedizili. Yeyegesi ephumayo, kodwa le gesi ephumayo inomlinganiselo othile wobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Emva kokuvavanywa ngamasebe ophando afanelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwegesi ephumayo ekhutshwa yinjini yedizili exhotyiswe nge-turbocharger [3] Ingafikelela kwi-0.2MPa. Ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, kuye kwaba ngumxholo wophando ukusebenzisa igesi ephumayo ekhutshwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini yedizili. I-turbocharger [3] isebenzisa igesi ephumayo ekhutshwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini yedizili. Njengenxalenye yokusebenza kwamandla, isetyenziselwa ukwandisa uxinzelelo lomoya ongena kwisilinda yenjini yedizili, ukuze injini yedizili itshiswe ngokupheleleyo, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwamandla enjini yedizili, kuphuculwe amandla athile, kuphuculwe ukonga amafutha kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo. Olu hlobo lulandelayo lokusetyenziswa kwegesi yokukhupha umoya ekhutshwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini yedizili njengolwelo lwamandla, kwaye igesi ekwigumbi lepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal itsalwa ngetyhubhu ye-venturi, kwaye i-vacuum iveliswa kwigumbi lepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal. Phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lomoya, amanzi angaphantsi komthombo wamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal angena kumbhobho wokungena wepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nomngxuma wepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal, ngaloo ndlela ezalisa umbhobho wokungena kunye nomngxuma wepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye iqalise ipompo ye-centrifugal ukuze ifumane unikezelo lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo. Ulwakhiwo lwayo luboniswe kuMfanekiso 2, kwaye inkqubo yokusebenza yile ilandelayo:
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, indawo yokungena yamanzi yepompo ye-centrifugal iqhagamshelwe kumbhobho ongaphantsi kwedama lokukhupha amanzi, kwaye indawo yokukhupha amanzi iqhagamshelwe kwivalvu yokukhupha amanzi yepompo yamanzi kunye nombhobho. Ngaphambi kokuba injini yedizili isebenze, ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi yepompo ye-centrifugal ivaliwe, ivalvu yesango (6) ivuliwe, kwaye ipompo ye-centrifugal yahlulwe kwinjini yedizili nge-clutch. Emva kokuba injini yedizili iqalile kwaye isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, ivalvu yesango (2) ivaliwe, kwaye igesi yokukhupha amanzi ephuma kwinjini yedizili ingena kumbhobho we-venturi ngepayipi yokukhupha amanzi (4) esuka kwi-muffler, kwaye ikhutshwa kumbhobho wokukhupha amanzi (11). Kule nkqubo, ngokomgaqo wetyhubhu ye-venturi, igesi kwigumbi lepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal ingena kumbhobho we-venturi ngevalvu yesango kunye nombhobho wokukhupha amanzi, kwaye ixutywe negesi yokukhupha amanzi evela kwinjini yedizili ize ikhutshwe kumbhobho wokukhupha amanzi. Ngale ndlela, kwakheka i-vacuum kumngxuma wepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye amanzi kumthombo wamanzi angaphantsi kokungena kwamanzi kwepompo ye-centrifugal angena kumngxuma wepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal ngepayipi yokungena kwamanzi yepompo ye-centrifugal phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lomoya. Xa umngxuma wepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi zizaliswe ngamanzi, vala ivalvu yesango (6), vula ivalvu yesango (2), qhagamshela ipompo ye-centrifugal kunye nenjini yedizili nge-clutch, kwaye uvule ivalvu yokuphuma kwamanzi yepompo ye-centrifugal, ukuze iseti yepompo yenjini yedizili iqale ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Emva kovavanyo, iseti yepompo yenjini yedizili inokufunxa amanzi kwiimitha ezi-2 ngaphantsi kombhobho wokungena wepompo ye-centrifugal kumngxuma wepompo yepompo ye-centrifugal.
Iqela leempompo ezizilungiselela ngokwazo zenjini yedizili elikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla elisebenzisa ukuhamba kwegesi ephuma kwinjini yedizili ukuze lifumane i-vacuum lineempawu ezilandelayo:
1. Sombulula ngempumelelo amandla okuzilungiselela ngokwakho e-injini ye-diesel pump set;
2. Ityhubhu yeVenturi incinci ngobukhulu, ilula ngobunzima kwaye incinci ngolwakhiwo, kwaye ixabiso layo liphantsi kuneleenkqubo zepompo zomoya eziqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, iseti yepompo yenjini yedizili yale sakhiwo igcina indawo ehlala izixhobo kunye neendleko zokufakela, kwaye inciphisa iindleko zobunjineli.
3. Iseti yempompo yenjini yedizili yale sakhiwo yenza ukusetyenziswa kweseti yempompo yenjini yedizili kube kukhulu kwaye kuphucula uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kweseti yempompo yenjini yedizili;
4. Ityhubhu yeVenturi kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye kulula ukuyigcina. Ayifuni abasebenzi abasisigxina ukuyilawula. Ekubeni kungekho nxalenye yothumelo lwemishini, ingxolo iphantsi kwaye akufuneki kusetyenziswe ioyile yokuthambisa.
5. Ityhubhu yeVenturi inesakhiwo esilula kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
Isizathu sokuba iseti yepompo yenjini yedizili yale sakhiwo inokufunxa amanzi angaphantsi kokungena kwamanzi kwipompo ye-centrifugal, kwaye isebenzise ngokupheleleyo igesi yokukhupha ekhutshwa ekusebenzeni kwenjini yedizili ukuze idlule kwityhubhu yeVenturi engundoqo ngesantya esiphezulu, yenza iseti yepompo yenjini yedizili engenawo umsebenzi wokuzilungiselela ngokwayo ekuqaleni. Ngomsebenzi wokuzilungiselela ngokwayo.
Ukuphucula ukuphakama kokufunxwa kwamanzi kwiseti yepompo yenjini yedizili
Iseti yepompo yokuzilungiselela yenjini yedizili echazwe apha ngasentla inomsebenzi wokuzilungiselela ngokusebenzisa igesi yokukhupha umoya ekhutshwa yinjini yedizili ukuze idlule kwityhubhu yeVenturi ukuze ifumane i-vacuum. Nangona kunjalo, ulwelo lwamandla kwiseti yepompo yenjini yedizili enesi sakhiwo yigesi yokukhupha umoya ekhutshwa yinjini yedizili, kwaye uxinzelelo luphantsi, ngoko ke, i-vacuum ephumayo nayo iphantsi, nto leyo ethintela ukuphakama kokufunxwa kwamanzi kwipompo ye-centrifugal kwaye ikwathintela uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kweseti yepompo. Ukuba ukuphakama kokufunxwa kwepompo ye-centrifugal kuya kwandiswa, inqanaba lokufunxwa kwetyhubhu yeVenturi kufuneka linyuswe. Ngokomgaqo wokusebenza wetyhubhu yeVenturi, ukuphucula inqanaba lokufunxwa kwetyhubhu yeVenturi, kufuneka kuyilwe i-nozzle esebenzayo yetyhubhu yeVenturi. Inokuba luhlobo lwe-sonic nozzle, okanye nokuba luhlobo lwe-supersonic nozzle, kwaye inyuse uxinzelelo lokuqala lolwelo oluguquguqukayo oluhamba nge-venturi.
Ukunyusa uxinzelelo lokuqala lolwelo lwe-Venturi motivation oluhamba kwiseti yepompo yenjini yedizili, i-turbocharger ingafakwa kumbhobho wokukhupha umoya wenjini yedizili [3]. I-Turbocharger [3] sisixhobo soxinzelelo lomoya, esisebenzisa i-inertial impulse yegesi yokukhupha umoya ekhutshwa kwinjini ukutyhala i-turbine kwigumbi le-turbine, i-turbine iqhuba i-coaxial impeller, kwaye i-impeller icinezela umoya. Ulwakhiwo lwayo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. . I-turbocharger yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezintathu: uxinzelelo oluphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi. Uxinzelelo lwegesi oluxinzelelweyo oluphumayo zezi: uxinzelelo oluphezulu lungaphezulu kwe-0.3MPa, uxinzelelo oluphakathi yi-0.1-0.3MPa, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lungaphantsi kwe-0.1MPa, kwaye igesi exinzelelweyo ephuma yi-turbocharger ixinekile. Ukuba igalelo legesi exinzelelweyo yi-turbocharger lisetyenziswa njengolwelo lwamandla lweVenturi, inqanaba eliphezulu le-vacuum lingafunyanwa, oko kukuthi, ukuphakama kokufunxwa kwamanzi kweseti yepompo yenjini yedizili kuyandiswa.
五: izigqibo:Iqela leempompo ezizisebenzelayo zenjini yedizili elisebenzisa ukuhamba kwegesi ephuma kwinjini yedizili ukuze lifumane i-vacuum lisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegesi ephumayo ngesantya esiphezulu, ityhubhu ye-venturi kunye netekhnoloji ye-turbocharging eyenziwe ngexesha lokusebenza kwenjini yedizili ukukhupha igesi kwindawo yokumpompa kunye nombhobho wokungena kwamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal. Kuveliswa i-vacuum, kwaye amanzi angaphantsi komthombo wamanzi wepompo ye-centrifugal atsalwa kumbhobho wokungena kwamanzi kunye nendawo yokumpompa yepompo ye-centrifugal, ukuze iqela leempompo zenjini yedizili libe nefuthe lokuzilungiselela. Iseti yeempompo zenjini yedizili yale sakhiwo inezibonelelo zesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okulula kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kwaye iphucula uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kweseti yeempompo zenjini yedizili.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-17-2022