Pfupiso: Pepa iri rinopa pombi yedhiziri inoshandisa mweya unobuda kubva muinjini yedhiziri kuti iwane vacuum, kusanganisira pombi yecentrifugal, injini yedhiziri, clutch, venturi tube, muffler, exhaust pipe, nezvimwewo. Mushaft weinjini yedhiziri unoumbwa neclutch ne coupling. Muffler yakabatana ne input shaft yepombi yecentrifugal, uye gate valve inoiswa pa exhaust port ye muffler yeinjini yedhiziri; pombi yekubuda inoiswawo padivi pe muffler, uye exhaust pipe yakabatana ne air inlet yepombi ye venturi, uye divi re venturi pipe. Road interface yakabatana ne exhaust port yepombi ye centrifugal, gate valve ne vacuum one-way valve zvinoiswa papombi, uye outlet pipe yakabatana ne exhaust port ye venturi tube. Gasi rinobuda muinjini yedhiziri rinoburitswa muchubhu yeventuri, uye gasi riri mukamuri yepombi yepombi yecentrifugal nepaipi yemvura inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal zvinoburitswa kuti zvigadzire vacuum, kuitira kuti mvura iri pasi pemvura inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal isvikwe mukamuri yepombi kuti mvura ibude zvakanaka.
Pombi yeinjini yedhiziri ipombi yemvura inoshandiswa neinjini yedhiziri, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukubvisa mvura, kudiridza kurima, kudzivirira moto uye kutamisa mvura kwenguva pfupi. Pombi dzeinjini yedhiziri dzinowanzo shandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mvura inotorwa kubva pasi pemvura inopinzwa mupombi yemvura. Parizvino, nzira dzinotevera dzinowanzo shandiswa pakupomba mvura mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai:
01、 Isa vharuvhu repasi pamucheto wepombi yekupinda yepombi yemvura mudziva rekusveta: usati watanga kushandisa pombi yedhiziri, zadza pombi yemvura nemvura. Mushure mekunge mhepo iri mukamuri yepombi uye pombi yekupinda yepombi yemvura yadonhedzwa, tanga kushandisa pombi yedhiziri kuti uwane mvura yakajairika. Sezvo vharuvhu repasi rakaiswa pasi pedziva, kana vharuvhu repasi rikakundikana, kugadzirisa kwacho hakuna kunaka. Uyezve, kune pombi yedhiziri yakakura, nekuda kwepombi yakakura uye dhayamita yakakura yepombi yekupinda yemvura, mvura yakawanda inodiwa, uye mwero weotomatiki wakaderera, izvo zvisinganyanyi kuoma kushandisa.
02、 Seti yepombi yedhiziri ine seti yepombi yedhiziri: nekutanga kutanga seti yepombi yedhiziri, mhepo iri mukamuri yepombi uye pombi yemvura inopinzwa yepombi yemvura zvinopombwa, nokudaro zvichigadzira vacuum, uye mvura iri mutsime remvura inopinda mupombi yemvura inopinzwa nekamuri yepombi pasi pesimba remhepo. Mukati, tangazve seti yepombi yedhiziri kuti uwane mvura yakajairika. Pombi yedhiziri iri munzira iyi yekunwa mvura inofanirawo kufambiswa neinjini yedhiziri, uye pombi yedhiziri inofanira kunge ine mudziyo wekuparadzanisa mvura nemhepo, izvo zvisingangowedzere nzvimbo inogarwa yemidziyo chete, asiwo zvinowedzera mutengo wemidziyo.
03 、Pombi yekuzvigadzirira inofananidzwa neinjini yedhiziri: pombi yekuzvigadzirira pachayo haina kushanda zvakanaka uye ine huwandu hwakawanda, uye pombi yekuzvigadzirira pachayo ine kuyerera kudiki uye kusimudza kwakaderera, izvo zvisingakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakushandisa muzviitiko zvakawanda. Kuti muderedze mutengo wemidziyo yepombi yedhiziri, deredzai nzvimbo inotorwa nepombi, wedzerai huwandu hwekushandisa kwepombi yedhiziri, uye shandisai zvizere gasi rinobuda mumhepo rinogadzirwa neinjini yedhiziri rinomhanya nekumhanya kukuru kuburikidza neVenturi tube [1], pombi yepakati nepakati nepombi yepakati nepakati inopinda. Gasi riri mupombi yemvura rinoburitswa kuburikidza neinterface yekusveta yepombi yepakati nepakati yakabatana nechiteshi chekubuda mumhepo chepombi yepakati nepakati, uye vacuum inogadzirwa mupombi yepakati nepakati nepombi yepakati nepakati yepombi yepakati nepakati, uye mvura iri mutsime remvura yakaderera pane mvura inobuda mupombi yepakati nepakati iri pasi pesimba remhepo, inopinda mupombi yepakati nepakati yepombi yepakati nepakati, nokudaro ichizadza pombi yepakati nepakati yepombi yepakati nepakati, uye yotanga clutch kubatanidza injini yedhiziri nepombi yepakati nepakati, uye pombi yepakati inotanga kuita mvura yakajairika. kuwanikwa.
Izvi: musimboti wekushanda kweVenturi tube
Venturi mudziyo unotora vacuum cleaner unoshandisa mvura kutakura simba nehuremu. Maumbirwo awo akafanana anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Une nozzle inoshanda, nzvimbo yekusveta, imba yekusanganisa, pahuro uye diffuser. Ijenareta ye vacuum cleaner. Chinhu chikuru chemuchina uyu chinhu chitsva, chinoshanda zvakanaka, chakachena uye chisingadhuri chinoshandisa mvura inomanikidza kuti ibudise negative pressure. Maitiro ekushanda ekuwana vacuum ndeekuti:
01 、Chikamu kubva pachikamu 1 kusvika pachikamu 3 ndiyo danho rekumhanyisa kwemvura inoshanduka mumuromo wekushanda. Mvura inomanikidza ine simba rakawanda inopinda mumuromo wekushanda weventuri nepadanho rakaderera pamuromo wekushanda (chikamu 1). Painoyerera muchikamu chakatetepa chemuromo wekushanda (chikamu 1 kusvika kuchikamu 2), zvinogona kuzivikanwa kubva kumakanika emvura kuti, kune continuity equation yemvura isingapindiki [2], dynamic fluid flow Q1 yechikamu 1 uye simba rinoshanduka rechikamu 2 Hukama huripo pakati pe flow rate Q2 yemvura ndeye Q1=Q2，
Scilicet A1v1= A2v2
Mufomura, A1, A2 - nzvimbo yepakati penzvimbo 1 nepfungwa 2 (m2);
v1, v2 — kumhanya kwemvura kunoyerera nepakati pechikamu 1 uye chikamu 2, m/s.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva mufomura iri pamusoro apa kuti kuwedzera kwechikamu chemuchinjikwa, kumhanya kwekuyerera kunoderera; kudzikira kwechikamu chemuchinjikwa, kumhanya kwekuyerera kunowedzera.
Kune mapaipi akatambanuka, zvichienderana neBernoulli's equation yemvura isingadzvanyiriri
P1+（1/2）*ρv12=P2+(1/2)ρv22
Mufomura, P1, P2 - kumanikidzwa kwakafanana pachikamu chepakati penzvimbo 1 ne2 (Pa)
v1, v2 — fluid velocity (m/s) inoyerera nepakati pechikamu panzvimbo 1 nepfungwa 2
ρ — kuwanda kwemvura (kg/m³)
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva mufomura iri pamusoro apa kuti kumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura inoshanduka kunowedzera nguva dzose uye kumanikidzwa kunoderera nguva dzose kubva pachikamu chekutanga kusvika pachikamu chechipiri. Kana v2>v1, P1>P2, kana v2 ikawedzera kusvika kune imwe kukosha (inogona kusvika kumhanya kweruzha), P2 ichave iri pasi pedzvinyiriro imwe chete yemhepo, kureva kuti, kumanikidzwa kusina kunaka kuchagadzirwa pachikamu chiri pachikamu chechitatu.
Kana motive fluid ikapinda muchikamu chekuwedzera chemuromo wekushanda, kureva chikamu kubva pachikamu chechipiri kusvika pachikamu chechitatu, kumhanya kwemotive fluid kunoramba kuchikwira, uye kumanikidzwa kunoramba kuchiderera. Kana dynamic fluid yasvika pachikamu chekubuditsa chemuromo wekushanda (chikamu pachikamu chechitatu), kumhanya kwedynamic fluid kunosvika pakakwirira uye kunogona kusvika kumhanya kwesupersonic. Panguva ino, kumanikidzwa pachikamu pachikamu chechitatu kunosvika pakaderera, kureva kuti, vacuum degree inosvika pakakwirira, iyo inogona kusvika 90Kpa.
02., Chikamu kubva pachikamu chechitatu kusvika pachikamu chechishanu ndicho chikamu chekusanganiswa kwemvura inofambisa mweya nemvura inopombwa.
Mvura inomhanyisa inoumbwa nemvura inoshanduka iri pachikamu chekubuditsa chemuromo wekushanda (chikamu chiri pachikamu chechitatu) ichagadzira nzvimbo ye vacuum pedyo nepaburi rekushanda, kuitira kuti mvura inosvetwa iri padyo nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya isvikwe pasi pekushanda kwemusiyano wekumanikidzwa. Mvura inosvetwa inosvetwa muimba yekusanganisa iri pachikamu chepfumbamwe. Munguva yekuyerera kubva pachikamu chepfumbamwe kuenda kuchikamu cheshanu, kumhanya kwemvura inosvetwa kunowedzera nguva dzose, uye kumanikidzwa kunoramba kuchiderera kusvika kusimba mukati mechikamu kubva pachikamu chepfumbamwe kuenda kuchikamu chechitatu. Kumanikidzwa kwemvura iri pachikamu chekubuditsa chemuromo wekushanda (chikamu chechitatu).
Muchikamu chekamuri yekusanganisa uye chikamu chepamberi chehuro (chikamu kubva pachikamu chechitatu kusvika pachikamu chechitanhatu), mvura yekufambisa mweya nemvura inofanira kupombwa inotanga kusanganiswa, uye simba remagetsi rinotsinhaniswa, uye simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kubva kusimba rekumanikidza remvura yekufambisa mweya rinoendeswa kumvura inopombwa, kuitira kuti kumhanya kwemvura inoshanduka kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma, kumhanya kwemuviri unosvetwa kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kumhanya kwemuviri kunodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuswedera pedyo. Pakupedzisira, pachikamu chechina, kumhanya kwemweya kunosvika kumhanya kwakafanana, uye pahuro nedhifsafi yemhepo zvinoburitswa.
三:Kuumbwa uye musimboti wekushanda kweboka repombi rinozvigadzirira rinoshandisa kuyerera kwegasi rinobuda mumhepo kubva muinjini yedhiziri kuti riwane vacuum
Utsi hweinjini yedhiziri hunoreva gasi rinobuda mumhepo rinoburitswa neinjini yedhiziri mushure mekupisa oiri yedhiziri. Ndeyegasi rinobuda mumhepo, asi gasi iri rinobuda mumhepo rine huwandu hwakati hwekupisa nekumanikidzwa. Mushure mekuyedzwa nemadhipatimendi ekutsvagisa akakodzera, kumanikidzwa kwegasi rinobuda muinjini yedhiziri rine turbocharger [3] Rinogona kusvika 0.2MPa. Kubva pamaonero ekushandiswa zvakanaka kwesimba, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kudzikiswa kwemari yekushandisa, zvave nyaya yekutsvagisa kushandisa gasi rinobuda mumhepo rinobuda mukushanda kweinjini yedhiziri. Iyo turbocharger [3] inoshandisa gasi rinobuda mukushanda kweinjini yedhiziri. Sechikamu chinoshandisa simba, inoshandiswa kuwedzera kumanikidzwa kwemhepo inopinda mu cylinder yeinjini yedhiziri, kuitira kuti injini yedhiziri ikwanise kupiswa zvizere, kuitira kuvandudza mashandiro esimba einjini yedhiziri, kuvandudza simba chairo, kuvandudza kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kuderedza ruzha. Izvi zvinotevera rudzi rwekushandiswa kwegasi rinobuda mumhepo rinobuda mukushanda kweinjini yedhiziri semvura yemagetsi, uye gasi riri mukamuri yepombi yecentrifugal nepaipi yemvura inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal rinosvetwa kuburikidza nechubhu yeventuri, uye vacuum inogadzirwa mukamuri yepombi yecentrifugal nepaipi yemvura inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal. Pasi pesimba remhepo, mvura yakaderera pane mvura inobuda yepombi yecentrifugal inopinda mupipe yeinlet yepombi yecentrifugal nepaipi yepombi yecentrifugal, nokudaro ichizadza pipe yeinlet nepaipi yepombi yecentrifugal, uye inotanga pombi yecentrifugal kuti iwane mvura yakajairika. Chimiro chayo chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2, uye maitiro ekushanda ndeaya anotevera:
Sezvakaratidzwa paMufananidzo 2, mvura inopinzwa mupombi yecentrifugal yakabatana nepaipi yakanyudzwa mudziva riri pasi pepombi yemvura, uye pombi yemvura inopinzwa yakabatana nevharuvhu yekubuditsa pombi yemvura nepaipi. Injini yedhiziri isati yatanga kushanda, vharuvhu yekubuditsa mvura yepombi yecentrifugal inovharwa, vharuvhu yegedhi (6) inovhurwa, uye pombi yecentrifugal inoparadzaniswa neinjini yedhiziri kuburikidza neclutch. Mushure mekunge injini yedhiziri yatanga uye yatanga kushanda zvakanaka, vharuvhu yegedhi (2) inovharwa, uye gasi rekubuda muinjini yedhiziri rinopinda mupombi yeventuri kuburikidza nepaipi yekubuda (4) kubva mumuffler, uye rinoburitswa kubva mupombi yekubuda (11). Mukuita uku, zvichienderana nepfungwa ye venturi tube, gasi riri mupombi yepombi yecentrifugal rinopinda mupombi yeventuri kuburikidza nevharuvhu yegedhi nepaipi yekubuda, uye rinosanganiswa negasi rekubuda muinjini yedhiziri uye robva raburitswa kubva mupombi yekubuda. Nenzira iyi, muchina wekuchenesa mvura unogadzirwa mupombi yepombi yecentrifugal uye pombi yemvura inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal, uye mvura iri mutsime remvura yakaderera pane inopinza mvura yepombi yecentrifugal inopinda mupombi yepombi yecentrifugal kuburikidza nepombi yemvura inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal pasi pesimba remhepo. Kana pombi yepombi yecentrifugal nepombi yemvura inopinza zvazadzwa nemvura, vhara vharuvhu yegedhi (6), vhura vharuvhu yegedhi (2), batanidza pombi yecentrifugal neinjini yedhiziri kuburikidza neclutch, uye vhura vharuvhu yekubuditsa mvura yepombi yecentrifugal, kuitira kuti seti yepombi yedhiziri itange kushanda zvakanaka. Mushure mekuyedza, seti yepombi yedhiziri inogona kusveta mvura mamita maviri pasi pepombi yekupinda yepombi yecentrifugal mupombi yepombi yecentrifugal.
Boka repombi rinozvigadzirira reinjini yedhiziri rataurwa pamusoro apa rinoshandisa kuyerera kwegasi rinobuda mumhepo kubva muinjini yedhiziri kuti riwane vacuum rine hunhu hunotevera:
1. Gadzirisa zvinobudirira kugona kwekuzvigadzirira kwepombi yeinjini yedhiziri;
2. Chubhu yeVenturi idiki, yakareruka uye yakatetepa, uye mutengo wayo wakaderera pane wemasisitimu epombi dzevacuum. Saka, seti yepombi yeinjini yedhiziri yechivako ichi inochengetedza nzvimbo inogarwa nemidziyo nemari yekuisa, uye inoderedza mutengo weinjiniya.
3. Seti yepombi yeinjini yedhiziri yechimiro ichi inoita kuti kushandiswa kwepombi yeinjini yedhiziri kuve kwakakura uye kunovandudza mashandisirwo epombi yeinjini yedhiziri;
4. Tubhu yeVenturi iri nyore kushandisa uye iri nyore kugadzirisa. Haidi vashandi venguva yakazara kuti vaitarisire. Sezvo pasina chikamu chemagetsi chinotumira, ruzha rwakaderera uye hapana mafuta ekuzora anofanirwa kunwiwa.
5. Tubhu yeVenturi ine chimiro chakareruka uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.
Chikonzero nei seti yepombi yedhiziri yechivako ichi ichigona kusveta mvura yakaderera kupfuura inopinzwa mvura yepombi yecentrifugal, uye kushandisa zvizere gasi rekubuda mumhepo rinoburitswa kubva mukushanda kweinjini yedhiziri kuti rifambe nepakati pechikamu chepakati cheVenturi tube nekumhanya kukuru, kunoita kuti seti yepombi yedhiziri yedhiziri isina basa rekuzvigadzirira pachayo pakutanga. Iine basa rekuzvigadzirira.
Kugadzirisa: Kuvandudza kukwirira kwekunyudzwa kwemvura kwepombi yeinjini yedhiziri
Seti yepombi yedhiziri inozvigadzira yega yakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa ine basa rekuzvigadzira yega nekushandisa gasi rinobuda muinjini yedhiziri kuti rifambe nepaVenturi tube kuti riwane vacuum. Zvisinei, simba remvura riri mupombi yedhiziri ine chimiro ichi igesi rinobuda neinjini yedhiziri, uye kumanikidzwa kwacho kwakaderera, saka, vacuum inobuda nayo yakadererawo, izvo zvinoderedza kukwirira kwekunwa kwemvura kwepombi yecentrifugal uye zvinoderedzawo huwandu hwekushandiswa kwepombi. Kana kukwirira kwekusveta kwepombi yecentrifugal kuchizowedzerwa, vacuum grade yenzvimbo yekusveta yeVenturi tube inofanira kuwedzerwa. Zvichienderana nepfungwa yekushanda yeVenturi tube, kuti ivandudze vacuum grade yenzvimbo yekusveta yeVenturi tube, nozzle inoshanda yeVenturi tube inofanira kugadzirwa. Inogona kuva sonic nozzle type, kana kunyange supersonic nozzle type, uye zvakare kuwedzera kumanikidzwa kwekutanga kwe dynamic fluid inoyerera nepaventuri.
Kuti kuwedzere kumanikidzwa kwekutanga kweVenturi motivation fluid inoyerera mupombi yedhiziri, turbocharger inogona kuiswa mupombi yekubuda kwemhepo yeinjini yedhiziri [3]. Turbocharger [3] mudziyo wekumanikidza mweya, unoshandisa inertial impulse yegasi rekubuda muinjini kusunda turbine mukamuri returbine, turbine inotyaira coaxial impeller, uye impeller inodzvanya mhepo. Maumbirwo ayo nepfungwa yekushanda zvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3. . Turbocharger yakakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kumanikidzwa kwepakati uye kumanikidzwa kwakaderera. Kumanikidzwa kwegasi rekubuda kwakamanikidzwa ndekwekuti: kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwakakura kupfuura 0.3MPa, kumanikidzwa kwepakati kuri 0.1-0.3MPa, kumanikidzwa kwakaderera kuri pasi pe0.1MPa, uye kumanikidzwa kwegasi rekumanikidzwa neturbocharger kwakagadzikana. Kana kupinza kwegasi rekumanikidzwa neturbocharger kukashandiswa seVenturi power fluid, vacuum cleaner yakakwira inogona kuwanikwa, kureva kuti, kukwirira kwekunwa kwemvura kwepombi yedhiziri kunowedzera.
五: mhedziso:Boka repombi rinozvigadzira rinoshandisa kuyerera kwegasi rinobuda muinjini yedhiziri kuti riwane vacuum rinoshandisa zvizere kuyerera kwegasi rinobuda muinjini yedhiziri nekukurumidza, chubhu yeventuri uye tekinoroji ye turbocharging inogadzirwa panguva yekushanda kweinjini yedhiziri kuburitsa gasi riri mupombi uye pombi inopinza mvura yepombi yecentrifugal. Vacuum inogadzirwa, uye mvura iri pasi pemvura inobuda mupombi yecentrifugal inosvetwa mupombi inopinza mvura uye pombi inopinza yepombi yecentrifugal, kuitira kuti boka repombi yedhiziri rive nemhedzisiro yekuzvigadzira. Seti yepombi yedhiziri yechivakwa ichi ine zvakanakira zvechimiro chiri nyore, kushanda zviri nyore uye mutengo wakaderera, uye inovandudza mashandisirwo epombi yedhiziri.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-17-2022